儒家文化必然会降低个体对于一般社会成员的信任程度吗?文化研究和基于国家间比较的经验研究都对这个问题给出了肯定的回答。然而,一些未尽议题的存在让我们在个人层面上对这一问题进行了重新审视。通过分析2007年的中国居民调查数据,我们得出以下结论:首先,儒家文化和一般信任之间的确存在某种联系,但这种联系取决于儒家文化中的某些特定的维度。当人们更多地重视儒家文化中强化差序格局的那些实践和主张时,我们发现儒家文化和一般信任之间存在负相关关系。但是如果人们将儒家文化看成是一种身份认同,那么中国人便因为共享着同一种价值观念而成为一个共同体,这时认同儒家文化的人就表现出了对他人的高度信任。此外,中介分析的结果表明,儒家文化中强化差序格局的面向和一般信任的负关系不是由儒家文化中过分强调对“自己人”的信任造成的。这意味着人们对“自己人”的信任与对“一般他人”的信任并没有直接关系。 Is Confucian culture necessarily reducing the individual’s trust in the general public? Cultural studies and empirical studies based on the comparison between countries all give a positive answer to this question. However, the existence of some outstanding issues has given us a fresh look at this issue on an individual level. By analyzing the 2007 Chinese household survey data, we draw the following conclusions: First, there is indeed some connection between Confucianism and general trust, but this connection depends on certain dimensions of Confucian culture. As people place more emphasis on practices and ideas that reinforce the pattern of difference in Confucian culture, we find that there is a negative correlation between Confucian culture and general trust. However, if Confucianism is viewed as a kind of identity, Chinese people become a community by sharing the same kind of values. At this time, those who identify with Confucian culture show great trust in others. In addition, the results of the meta-analysis show that the negative relationship with the general trust in strengthening the pattern of difference in Confucianism is not caused by the excessive emphasis on trust in “one’s own people ” in Confucian culture. This means that people’s trust in “one s own ” is not directly related to “the trust of other people ”.