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当前石油体制形成大致经历了四个阶段: 从解放后到1980年是第一阶段,计划控制无所不在,石油作为国家的一类物资,国家对其管理可谓严格之至。随后,从1981年到1993年,是第二阶段,其特点是计划与市场的双轨。自 1981年始,原石油工业部,经国务院的批准开始实行特殊政策——产量包干政策。随着改革深入,90年代初,石油部变身为中国石油天然气总公司和中国石化总公司,国家开始对这两家企业初步放权,原油有5％的比例可以自销,成品油有9％的比例可以自销,比重虽小,意义非凡, 自销权意味着市场的诞生。这一时期,价
The formation of the current oil system has gone through roughly four stages: from the liberation to 1980 is the first stage, plan control is ubiquitous, oil as a national class of goods, the state management can be described as rigorous. Subsequently, from 1981 to 1993, the second phase was characterized by a dual track of planning and marketing. Since 1981, the former Ministry of Petroleum Industry, with the approval of the State Council, has started to implement a special policy - output and dry-food policy. With the deepening of reform, in the early 1990s, the Ministry of Oil turned into the China National Petroleum Corporation and China Petrochemical Corporation, the state began to give initial decentralization of these two companies, 5% of crude oil can be sold on their own, refined oil 9% The proportion of self-marketing, although the proportion of small, extraordinary significance, self-marketing means the birth of the market. This period, price