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在恩格斯晚年,美国工人运动出现过一次高潮。恩格斯认为,这是在美国传播社会主义的有利时机。他期望美国社会主义工人党能够抓住时机,将美国工人运动引向社会主义。然而,从之后的情况看,恩格斯的期望并未实现。对此已有三种比较著名的解释:“烤牛肉和苹果派”论、自由土地论和“投票权馈赠”论。但这些解释都不适用于19世纪末美国的特殊情况。在指出已有解释的不足后,本文尝试从美国共和传统的角度作出新的解释。
In the later years of Engels, there was a climax in the American workers’ movement. Engels believes that this is a favorable opportunity to spread socialism in the United States. He hoped that the U.S. Socialist Workers Party will seize the opportunity to lead the American workers’ movement toward socialism. However, from the circumstances later, Engels’s expectations have not been fulfilled. There are three well-known explanations for this: “roast beef and apple pie” theory, free land theory and “voting rights” theory. However, these explanations do not apply to the special circumstances of the United States in the late 19th century. After pointing out the shortcomings that have been explained, this article attempts to make a new explanation from the perspective of American republican tradition.