一、本书的目的目前,有关经济学性质的占支配地位的观点是在罗宾斯的定义中被表述的观点,即经济学是研究有选择地供用稀缺资源与产出结果之间的关系的人类行为的科学。这使经济学成为人类选择的科学。我的特殊兴趣在于涉及厂商、产业和市场的那一部分经济理论,即所谓价值理论和分配理论,而现在常被定义为价格理论和微观经济学。经济学家研究消费者在决定购买哪一种商品和劳务时的选择是怎样受他们的收入以及所购买的商品和劳务的价格所决定。他们也研究由要素价格的形成、最终产品的需 The Purpose of this Book The dominant view of the nature of economics at the moment is the view expressed in Robbins' definition that economics is the study of the relationship between the selective availability of scarce resources and the outcome of output The science of human behavior. This makes economics a science of human choice. My particular interest is in that part of the economic theory involving firms, industries and markets, the so-called theory of value and distribution theory, which is now often defined as price theory and microeconomics. Economists study how the choices consumers make in deciding what kind of goods and services to buy depend on their incomes and the prices of the goods and services purchased. They also study the need for the final product by the formation of elemental prices