论文部分内容阅读
为解决作物生产中氮肥过量施用问题,采用田间小区试验法,设置农民习惯施氮(FN)、优化减氮(ON)、优化减氮后再减氮20%配施不同氮素调控剂等处理,研究持续氮素调控对小麦/玉米轮作系统作物产量、氮素利用和表观损失及经济效益的影响。结果表明:与FN比,ON的小麦和玉米产量、氮素吸收量均未受影响,而氮素利用率、氮肥生产效率、氮肥农学效率均提高。ON的小麦和玉米两茬作物总N输入量较FN减少207.7kg/hm~2,N素表观损失减少119.1kg/hm~2,增收672.8元/hm~2,说明在农民习惯施氮肥基础上合理减少施氮量不但没有影响作物产量,反而促进作物氮素利用,减少氮素损失,降低氮肥生产成本,增加纯收益。与ON比,在优化减氮的基础上再减氮20%并配施硝化抑制剂(DCD),小麦和玉米两茬作物增产9.54%,氮素吸收量提高3.83%,氮素利用率提升5%以上,N素表观损失减少114.5kg/hm~2,增收3 292元/hm~2。综合考虑,各氮素调控措施中以ON80%+DCD效果较好,既能持续获得作物稳定高产,减少氮肥用量,又能减少氮素向环境中的损失,同时获得更高经济效益。
In order to solve the problem of over-fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer in crop production, the experiment of field plot was adopted to set farmer habit of applying nitrogen (FN), optimizing nitrogen (ON), optimizing nitrogen after 20% of nitrogen and applying different nitrogen regulators To study the effects of continued N regulation on crop yield, N use efficiency, apparent loss and economic benefits of wheat / corn crop rotation system. The results showed that the yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat and maize were not affected by the FN, but the nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen production efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency were all increased. The total N input of wheat and corn on ON was 207.7kg / hm ~ 2 less than that of FN and 119.1kg / hm ~ 2 on apparent N loss, with an increase of 672.8 yuan / hm ~ 2. Reasonably reducing the amount of nitrogen applied not only did not affect the crop yield, but promoted crop nitrogen utilization, reduced nitrogen losses, reduced nitrogen fertilizer production costs and increased net income. Compared with the ON ratio, nitrogen reduction of 20% and application of nitrification inhibitor (DCD) were also achieved on the basis of nitrogen optimization. Crops yield of wheat and corn increased by 9.54%, nitrogen uptake increased by 3.83% and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 5% %, N apparent loss decreased by 114.5kg / hm ~ 2, an increase of 3 292 yuan / hm ~ 2. Taken together, ON80% + DCD in all nitrogen control measures is better, which can not only achieve stable and high-yield crops, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, but also reduce the loss of nitrogen to the environment and achieve higher economic benefits.