有利于和不利于采油的微生物,均已在世界各地的油藏中、特别是在高压、高温和缺氧的油井中,被人们所发现,而且它们所具有的影响油藏动态的特性,也日益为人们所认识。以往,细菌一直被认为是产生硫化氢的根源、以及引起油藏变酸(或变差)的原因;而目前,把细菌用于提高油藏石油产量,即微生物强化采油 Microorganisms that are beneficial and unfavorable for oil production have all been found in reservoirs around the world, especially in high pressure, high temperature and oxygen deficient wells, and their characteristics that affect reservoir dynamics Increasingly recognized by people. Bacteria have historically been considered as the root cause of hydrogen sulfide and the cause of souring (or deterioration) of the reservoir. Currently, however, bacteria are used to increase oil production in a reservoir, that is, microbial enhanced oil recovery