扼要地评述近年来国内外在流域、水系等方面的分形及自组织研究的有关成果 ,指出其中存在的问题和可能的改进途径。从地球内外营力及河网系统的开放性、非线性、随机性、耗散性等角度探讨河网系统自组织及分形结构产生的物理机制 .在流域侵蚀与生态环境恢复、流域产流与汇流、泥沙产生与输移、河床形态演变等方面提出了进一步的研究方向及有关课题。 In this paper, the relative achievements of fractal and self-organization research in the basin and water system at home and abroad in recent years are briefly reviewed. The existing problems and the possible ways of improvement are pointed out. The physical mechanism of self-organization and fractal structure of river network system is discussed from the aspects of openness, non-linearity, randomness and dissipative power of the net force and the river network system inside and outside the earth. In the aspects of basin erosion and ecological restoration, Confluence, sediment production and transport, river bed morphology and other aspects of the proposed further research directions and related issues.