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本文针对病因学观察性研究的系统综述和Meta分析制作指南（Guidance on conducting systematic reviews and Meta-analyses of observational studies of etiology，COSMOS-E）的主要内容进行了介绍，并举例说明COSMOS-E中的关键内容，内容覆盖制作病因学观察性研究系统综述的每个步骤，从提出研究问题、定义暴露和结局、评估偏倚风险到统计分析，为研究人员开展和分析这类综述提供了指导。“,”This paper introduces the conducting systematic reviews and Meta-analyses of observational studies of etiology (COSMOS-E) and illustrates the critical issues of COSMOS-E with a published systematic review. This document provides researchers with guidance on all steps in systematic reviews of observational studies of etiology, from shaping the research question, defining exposure and outcomes, to assessing the risk of bias and statistical analysis.