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In order to elucidate the action of La3+ on bone metabolism,effects ofLa3+ on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test,alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement,mineralized function,oil red O stain and measurement.The results showed that La3+ promoted the proliferation of BMSCs except at 1 × 10-10 and 1 × 10-6 mol/L.The effect of La3+ on the osteogenic differentiation depended on concentrations at the 7th day,but the osteogenic differentiation was inhibited at any concentration at the 14th day.La3+ promoted the formation of mineralized matrix nodules except at 1×10-8 and 1×10-5 mol/L.La3+ inhibited adipogenic differentiation except at 1×10-10 and 1×10-7mol/Lat the 10th day,and inhibited adipogenic differentiation except at 1 × 10-9 mol/L at the 16th day.These findings suggested that La3+ might have protective effect on bone at appropriate dose and time.This would be valuable for better understanding the mechanism of the effect of La3+ on bone metabolism.