目的研究早产和足月新生儿血清瘦素与出生体重及胰岛素关系,探讨在早产和足月新生儿中是否存在脂肪-胰岛素内分泌轴。方法共收集264例早产和足月新生儿,按胎龄进行分组,并进行出生测量,于生后第3天采血做餐前血糖、胰岛素及瘦素检查。结果足月儿血清瘦素浓度显著高于早产儿,瘦素浓度与胎龄的关系按非线性模式增加,胎龄34周以后,瘦素浓度增加明显加快。在>32周的新生儿中,血清瘦素浓度与出生体重及胰岛素呈正相关关系(r=0.240,0.227,P<0.05),在胎龄≥37周的新生儿中,瘦素不仅与出生体重及胰岛素呈正相关(r=0.198,0.253,P<0.05),还与胰岛素/血糖呈正相关(r=0.206,P<0.05),在<32周的新生儿中,未发现上述关系。结论胎龄>32周的新生儿体内可能已开始存在脂肪-胰岛素内分泌轴。 Objective To investigate the relationship between serum leptin and birth weight and insulin in preterm and full term newborns and explore whether there is fat-insulin endocrine axis in preterm and term neonates. Methods A total of 264 preterm and full-term newborns were collected, grouped by gestational age, and measured at birth. Blood glucose, insulin and leptin were examined before meals on the third day after birth. Results The serum leptin concentration in term infants was significantly higher than that in preterm infants. The relationship between leptin concentration and gestational age was increased in a non-linear pattern. After 34 weeks gestational age, the leptin concentration increased significantly. Serum leptin concentrations were positively correlated with birth weight and insulin in newborns> 32 weeks (r = 0.240,0.227, P <0.05). In neonates with gestational age ≥37 weeks, leptin not only correlated with birth weight (R = 0.198,0.253, P <0.05), but also positively correlated with insulin / blood glucose (r = 0.206, P <0.05). No correlation was found in newborns <32 weeks. Conclusion Newborns with gestational age> 32 weeks may have begun to have fat-insulin endocrine axis.