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人口迁移是明清以来突出的社会经济现象,新兴的工商业城市如汉口、上海等地吸引了大批人口迁入,形成众多移民聚居的社区。自晚清倚仗湘籍官员的支持,湖南宝庆人占领汉口宝庆码头之后,大量宝庆籍移民聚居生息繁衍于此,从事城市社会底层职业如码头工人等。随之而来的还有“道士之乡”宝庆府新化县著名的正一道士。正一道士的宗教活动主要是在社区内做斋醮、放焰口、超度亡灵,还有率领居民进香南岳等。通过共同的道教信仰和仪式,汉口宝庆人激活了被遗忘的集体记忆,共享了因移居和迁徙而疏远的社团情感,重建或凝聚了因居住在异域他乡的生存压力而被疏离了的社会关系。在明清至近代移民社区发展进程中,以及在社区意识的形成过程中,传统宗教与信仰是不可忽视的因素。
Migration has been a prominent social and economic phenomenon since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Emerging industrial and commercial cities such as Hankou and Shanghai have attracted large numbers of immigrants and formed large numbers of immigrant communities. Since the late Qing Dynasty relied on the support of Hunan officials, a large number of Baoqing natives lived and lived in this city after the Baoqing people in Hunan occupied the Baoqing Wharf in Hankou. They engaged in such jobs as the urban workers in the bottom class of urban society. Followed by the “Taoist hometown ” Baoqing House Xinhua famous is a priest. Is a religious activities are mainly done in the community Zhai Zhai, Fang Yan mouth, exceeding the souls, as well as leading residents into Hong Nanyue. Through common Taoist beliefs and rituals, Hankow Baoqing people activated forgotten collective memories, shared community feelings of alienation due to migration and migration, and rebuilt or condensed societies that were alienated by the pressure to live in a foreign land relationship. During the development of immigrant communities in Ming and Qing Dynasties and in modern times, as well as in the formation of community consciousness, traditional religions and beliefs can not be ignored.