日本的麦类作物,有雪害、寒害、土壤冻害、霜冻害、冷害、湿害、淹害、干害、风害、盐害、“钢茬”(不抽穗)、青桔、穗发芽等十三种自然灾害。现将其中十一种的危害机制,特征和防御办法的研究进展介绍如下: 寒害日本战后粮食增产年代,在超高寒地带也栽培小麦,因此那里的小麦常遭受寒害的威胁。所谓寒害,主要是指冬季寒冷所引起的麦苗茎叶枯萎现象。小野寺等人的观察指出,麦株内汁液的渗透压,秋季至冬季随时间的推移逐步增大;在多雨年份降雨时,渗透压较低。 Japan’s wheat crops, there are snow damage, cold damage, soil frost damage, frost damage, chilling damage, wet damage, drowning, dry damage, wind damage, salt damage, “stubble” Natural disaster. The progress of research on the mechanisms, characteristics and defenses of eleven of them is now introduced as follows: Chilling Japan In the era of increasing post-war grain output, wheat is also cultivated in the ultra-high temperatures, so the wheat there is often threatened by chills. The so-called cold damage, mainly refers to the winter cold wheat seedlings caused by withered stems and leaves withered. Initsuka et al. Observed that the osmotic pressure of wheat plant juice increased gradually with time from autumn to winter, and the osmotic pressure was lower during rainy years.