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创制和利用矮秆资源对于小麦品种改良具有重要意义。到目前为止,在小麦属中虽然已鉴定了多个矮秆资源,但多数矮秆资源在小麦中的利用价值有限。本研究对利用无性系变异途径获得的小麦矮秆材料AS34及其与模式小麦品种中国春杂交F1、F2材料进行了株高构成和主要农艺性状分析。结果发现,AS34共有4个节间,比其野生型豫麦66少了1个节间,各个节间长度按相似比例缩短,穗下节长度短于第2节长度;F1株高、节间长度指数介于2个亲本之间,节数与AS34相同,穗长、小穗数、穗粒数超过2个亲本;F2株高、穗长、穗粒数、小穗数变异范围广泛,约70%植株株高为60~89 cm,穗长6.0~9.9 cm、穗粒数50~79粒、小穗数20~24个。结果表明,AS34的矮秆变异由多基因控制,表现为数量性状,其矮秆性状对杂交后代穗长、小穗数、穗粒数等主要农艺性状有正向遗传效应,F2选择穗大、粒多、株高适中优良单株的机率较大,具有很好的育种利用价值。
The creation and utilization of dwarf resources is of great significance for the improvement of wheat varieties. So far, many dwarf resources have been identified in the genus Triticum, but most dwarf resources are of limited value in wheat. In this study, we analyzed the plant height and main agronomic traits of wheat dwarf material AS34 and its hybrid F1 and F2 cultivars with Chinese wheat cultivars using clonal variation. The results showed that there were 4 internodes in AS34, one less internode than the wild type Yumai66, the length of each internode was shortened in a similar proportion, and the length of ear inferior segment was shorter than that in the second node. F1 plant height, internode Length index between two parents, the same number of AS34, spike length, number of spikelets, spikelets more than two parents; F2 plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, a wide range of variation, about 70% plant height of 60 ~ 89 cm, spike length of 6.0 ~ 9.9 cm, spikelets 50 ~ 79, spikelet number 20 ~ 24. The results showed that the short stalk variation of AS34 was controlled by multiple genes and showed a quantitative trait. The dwarf trait had a positive genetic effect on major agronomic traits such as spike length, spikelet number, More grain, plant height moderate superior single plant a larger probability, with good breeding value.