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药物诱发体位性低血压是临床上较为严重的不良反应,许多患者常因不能耐受而中断治疗。发生药物性、体位性低血压时,引起晕厥、摔倒而致外伤,或因心输出量减少而致重要脏器供血不足而出现种种症状。降压药、抗抑郁性精神药、多巴胺激动剂、抗心律失常药和抗心绞痛药可以诱发体位性低血压。其中最常见的有胍乙啶、氯丙嗪、三环抗抑郁药(如丙咪嗪)、单胺氧化酶抑制剂(如苯乙肼、甲苄肼、异噁酰肼),抗心绞痛药(如硝酸甘油和硝普钠),较常见的α-阻滞剂在第一次用药时,甲基多巴,抗心律失常药氟卡尼(flecainide)和恩卡尼(encainide); 较少见的有利尿剂、β-阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂。
Drug-induced orthostatic hypotension is a clinically serious adverse reaction, many patients often discontinue treatment due to intolerance. Occur when drug-induced, orthostatic hypotension, causing syncope, fall and cause trauma, or due to decreased cardiac output caused by inadequate blood supply to important organs and a variety of symptoms. Hypotensive drugs, antidepressants, dopamine agonists, antiarrhythmic drugs and antianginal drugs can induce orthostatic hypotension. Among the most common are guanethidine, chlorpromazine, tricyclic antidepressants (such as imipramine), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (such as phenelzine, procarbazine, isoxohydrazide), antianginal drugs (such as nitric acid Glycerol and sodium nitroprusside), the more common alpha-blockers on first administration, methyldopa, anti-arrhythmic agents flecainide and encainide; less common Diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.