近年来,我国对外承包工程业务在总规模和地域上逐渐扩大,尤其是在非洲地区以及亚洲除中东以外地区,中国企业长期占据着市场高地。随着工程分布地域的扩张,中国企业在工程施工建设中必然会遇到一些新情况和新问题,其中的典型代表就是特殊地质。以肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚为例,当地地表多为火山灰沉积物或火成岩经过风化、水蚀等作用形成的岩土,膨胀性粘土十分常见。一直以来,膨胀土都是困扰岩土工程的重大问题,膨胀土遇水膨胀、失水收缩的特性及其边坡浸水强度 In recent years, China’s foreign contracted projects have gradually expanded their business in the total scale and geographical area, especially in Africa and beyond Asia except the Middle East, where Chinese enterprises have been occupying the market for a long time. With the expansion of geographical distribution of projects, Chinese enterprises are bound to encounter some new situations and problems in the construction of the project. The typical representative among them is special geology. In Kenya and Ethiopia, for example, the local surface is mostly volcanic ash deposits or igneous rock through weathering, water erosion and other effects of the formation of rock and expansive clay is very common. All along, the expansive soil is a major problem plagued geotechnical engineering, expansive soil water expansion, loss of water shrinkage characteristics and slope water immersion strength