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摘要:以6头体重35 kg左右、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康羯羊为瘤胃液供体动物,用持续人工瘤胃装置(RUSITEC),基础日粮混合料为底物进行体外发酵试验,研究添加富含植物次生代谢物的金露梅与珠芽蓼草粉对瘤胃发酵的影响,以筛选天然饲料添加剂。结果表明,基础日粮中添加10%金露梅和10%珠芽蓼草粉与普通基础日粮之间,发酵液pH、甲烷、挥发性脂肪酸的产生量及干物质消失率差异均不显著(P > 0.05),但有降低甲烷产量、提高干物质消化率的趋势。因此,在本试验条件下,添加10%金露梅和10%珠芽蓼草粉对瘤胃发酵的作用不显著,不适合做饲料添加剂。
关键词:植物次生代谢物;体外模拟瘤胃发酵;金露梅;珠芽蓼;草粉
中图分类号:S816.7 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2018)02-0063-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2018.02.017
Effects of Grass Powder of Potentilla fruticosa L. and Polygonum viviparum L. on Simulated Rumen Fermentation in Vitro
XUE Shikui 1, JIN Zhen 2, WANG Xueli 1
(1. Animal Health Supervision Institute, Chengguan District, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China; 2. Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chengguan District, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China)
Abstract:The 6 healthy wether, weight about 35 kg, was fitted with permanent rumen fistula as rumen fluid donor, with continuous artificial rumen device (RUSITEC). Basic diet mixture as a substrate in vitro fermentation experiment, the study was done to add grass powder of Potentilla fruticosa L. and Polygonum viviparum L. rich in plant secondary metabolites on rumen fermentation in RUSITEC, with screening of natural feed additives. The results show that the yield and dry matter disappearance rate of fermentation liquid pH,methane and volatile fatty acid had no significant difference (P > 0.05) between basic diets supplemented with grass powder of 10% Potentilla fruticosa L. and 10% Polygonum viviparum L. and ordinary diet, but there is a trend to increase the dry matter degradation and decrease the methane production. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, the effect of adding grass powder of grass powder of 10% Potentilla fruticosa L. and 10% Polygonum viviparum L. on rumen fermentation was not significant, it is not suitable to choose as a feed additive.
Key words:Plant secondary metabolites;Simulated rumen fermentation in vitro;Potentilla fruticosa L.;Polygonum viviparum L.;Grass powder
提高饲料转化率,一直是动物营养学家关注的最重要问题之一。在反刍动物瘤胃厌氧发酵过程中,甲烷的产生意味着饲料能量损失和对环境产生温室效应。因此,在反刍动物生产中,如何减少瘤胃甲烷排放,提高瘤胃发酵效率,不仅关系到饲料利用效率,而且也与维护大气环境有关,这已是反刍动物营养研究的一个重要方向[1 ]。然而,至今人们找到唯一有效降低瘤胃甲烷的化学抑制剂是离子载体,它可抑制供给甲烷形成所需的氢气[2 ],减少甲烷排放量高达25%[3 ]。但自2006年歐盟各国限制应用抗生素类添加剂以来,绿色饲料添加剂越来越受到广泛的关注。研究发现,具有特殊生物活性的植物次生代谢物,动物所采食虽然富含这些化合物的饲草料不一定能提供营养,但会影响动物的消化、代谢过程[4 ],调控瘤胃发酵模式,提高氮存留,减少甲烷排放[5 ];一些酚类化合物、精油和丝兰皂甙具有抗菌活性,还可替代抗生素作饲料添加剂[6 ],所以,在生产实践中若能科学合理地利用植物次生代谢物,将提高饲料利用率,改变瘤胃发酵模式和产物,最终提高宿主动物生产性能[7 ]。含有高浓度次生代谢化合物的植物也许将是最有潜力的候选添加 剂[3 ],在瘤胃调控中将有更广的研究与应用前 景[7 ]。
关键词:植物次生代谢物;体外模拟瘤胃发酵;金露梅;珠芽蓼;草粉
中图分类号:S816.7 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2018)02-0063-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2018.02.017
Effects of Grass Powder of Potentilla fruticosa L. and Polygonum viviparum L. on Simulated Rumen Fermentation in Vitro
XUE Shikui 1, JIN Zhen 2, WANG Xueli 1
(1. Animal Health Supervision Institute, Chengguan District, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China; 2. Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chengguan District, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China)
Abstract:The 6 healthy wether, weight about 35 kg, was fitted with permanent rumen fistula as rumen fluid donor, with continuous artificial rumen device (RUSITEC). Basic diet mixture as a substrate in vitro fermentation experiment, the study was done to add grass powder of Potentilla fruticosa L. and Polygonum viviparum L. rich in plant secondary metabolites on rumen fermentation in RUSITEC, with screening of natural feed additives. The results show that the yield and dry matter disappearance rate of fermentation liquid pH,methane and volatile fatty acid had no significant difference (P > 0.05) between basic diets supplemented with grass powder of 10% Potentilla fruticosa L. and 10% Polygonum viviparum L. and ordinary diet, but there is a trend to increase the dry matter degradation and decrease the methane production. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, the effect of adding grass powder of grass powder of 10% Potentilla fruticosa L. and 10% Polygonum viviparum L. on rumen fermentation was not significant, it is not suitable to choose as a feed additive.
Key words:Plant secondary metabolites;Simulated rumen fermentation in vitro;Potentilla fruticosa L.;Polygonum viviparum L.;Grass powder
提高饲料转化率,一直是动物营养学家关注的最重要问题之一。在反刍动物瘤胃厌氧发酵过程中,甲烷的产生意味着饲料能量损失和对环境产生温室效应。因此,在反刍动物生产中,如何减少瘤胃甲烷排放,提高瘤胃发酵效率,不仅关系到饲料利用效率,而且也与维护大气环境有关,这已是反刍动物营养研究的一个重要方向[1 ]。然而,至今人们找到唯一有效降低瘤胃甲烷的化学抑制剂是离子载体,它可抑制供给甲烷形成所需的氢气[2 ],减少甲烷排放量高达25%[3 ]。但自2006年歐盟各国限制应用抗生素类添加剂以来,绿色饲料添加剂越来越受到广泛的关注。研究发现,具有特殊生物活性的植物次生代谢物,动物所采食虽然富含这些化合物的饲草料不一定能提供营养,但会影响动物的消化、代谢过程[4 ],调控瘤胃发酵模式,提高氮存留,减少甲烷排放[5 ];一些酚类化合物、精油和丝兰皂甙具有抗菌活性,还可替代抗生素作饲料添加剂[6 ],所以,在生产实践中若能科学合理地利用植物次生代谢物,将提高饲料利用率,改变瘤胃发酵模式和产物,最终提高宿主动物生产性能[7 ]。含有高浓度次生代谢化合物的植物也许将是最有潜力的候选添加 剂[3 ],在瘤胃调控中将有更广的研究与应用前 景[7 ]。