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采用刚塑性有限元模拟与试验相结合的方法,对环料成形钟形壳零件的冷挤压工艺进行研究。通过调整坯料形状、模具结构和成形工艺参数,解决成形工艺试验过程中出现的塌角、壁厚差、拉裂等问题,得到了优化的冷挤压成形工艺,以低能、省料、高效的方式,获得了高尺寸精度和良好力学性能的冷挤钟形壳零件。试验研究表明:在坯料上预设凸块进行补偿,可有效解决杯形件口部的塌角缺陷;通过芯杆约束环料内侧面的变形,可以消除自由成形时对反挤的牵制作用;优化坯料形状和模具尺寸,通过给变形材料附加压应力,适当调整润滑和退火参数,可以获得利于材料流动的变形条件,从而有效改善挤压塑性。
The cold extrusion technology of bell-shaped shell parts was studied by the method of combining rigid plastic FEM simulation and experiment. By adjusting the shape of the blank, the structure of the mold and the forming process parameters, the problems of the collapsing, the difference of wall thickness and the cracking occurred in the forming process test are solved, the optimized cold extrusion forming process is obtained, the low energy, material saving and high efficiency Way to obtain high dimensional accuracy and good mechanical properties of cold-extruded bell-shaped shell parts. The experimental results show that the presetting of the lugs on the blank can compensate the collapse of the mouth of the cup. The deformation of the inner side of the ring restraining ring material can eliminate the restraining effect of the reverse extrusion in the freeforming. Optimize the billet shape and die size, by adding compressive stress to the deformation of the material, the appropriate adjustment of lubrication and annealing parameters, you can get the deformation conditions conducive to material flow, thereby effectively improving the extrusion ductility.