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利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了钢轨接头端处轮轨弹塑性接触有限元模型,分析计算钢轨材料弹塑性接触应力和变形随轮轨接触点到轨缝距离变化的情况,数值结果并与Hertz接触理论的结果进行了比较。数值结果表明:Mises等效应力、最大主剪应力、塑性区和变形越靠近轨缝越大;最大等效应力和最大主剪应力的位置随接触点到轨缝距离的减小而接近轨面;在靠近钢轨接头处,钢轨几何形状突变,已不满足Hertz接触理论的假设条件,所以Hertz接触理论不适合轮轨接触应力和变形分析。
The finite element software ANSYS was used to establish the elasto-plastic contact finite element model of the rail joint end wheel and rail. The elastic-plastic contact stress and deformation of the rail material were calculated and analyzed. The numerical results were also compared with the Hertz contact theory The results were compared. The numerical results show that the larger the Mises equivalent stress, the maximum principal shear stress, the plastic zone and the deformation are, the closer the orbital gap is. The maximum equivalent stress and the maximum principal shear stress decrease with the decrease of the contact point orbit distance, ; Near the rail joints, the sudden change of the rail geometry has not satisfied the assumption of Hertz contact theory, so Hertz contact theory is not suitable for wheel-rail contact stress and deformation analysis.