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根据西藏地区区域地质构造和油气地质特征,从含油气区及其含油气盆地分析着手,论述其含油气性。立足西藏地区油气成藏条件的特殊性,将西藏地质划分为柴达木(及边缘)、巴颜喀拉、羌塘-昌都、冈底斯、喜马拉雅等5个含油气区,并讨论了构造复杂地区油气资源评价的基本思路,提出含油气实体(盆地、残盆、构造残块、沉积残体)的概念,作为西藏地区油气资源评价的基本单元、油气勘探对象和评价核心。分析了西藏地区主要盆地的生烃量、远景资源量,并结合油气成藏的其他地质因素,特别是油气保存条件,对主要盆地油气远景进行论证,计算结果表明,该地区总石油资源量约90亿吨,展现了地区的美好油气勘探前景。提出羌塘盆地应作为西藏地区油气勘探首选实体,措勤、比如、昌都、岗巴-定日等盆地应作为勘探远景实体。
According to the regional geological structure and the characteristics of petroleum geology in Tibet, this paper begins with the analysis of petroleum-bearing areas and their petroliferous basins, and expounds their petroleum-bearing properties. Based on the particularity of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Tibet, the geology of Tibet is divided into five hydrocarbon-bearing areas such as Qaidam (and its edge), Bayan Har, Qiangtang-Qamdo, Gangdese and Himalayas. The concept of hydrocarbon-bearing entities (basins, residual basins, structural remnant blocks and sedimentary debris) is proposed as the basic unit of hydrocarbon evaluation in Tibet, the object of petroleum exploration and the core of evaluation. Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon generation and the long-term resources in the major basins in Tibet and the combination of the other geologic factors of oil and gas accumulation, especially the preservation conditions of oil and gas, the oil and gas prospects of the major basins are demonstrated. The calculation results show that the total oil resources 9 billion tons, showing the region’s beautiful oil and gas exploration prospects. It is suggested that the Qiangtang basin should be the preferred oil and gas exploration entity in Tibet. For example, the Qamdo, Gamba and Tingri basins should be regarded as exploration prospect entities.