新疆维吾尔自治区位于亚欧大陆腹地,地处祖国西北边陲。在远离海洋和高山环抱的综合地理因素影响下,新疆总体上属于典型的干旱气候,集中表现为全疆平均降水稀少,广大平原无降水径流发生,盆地中部存在大面积荒漠无流区。新疆年均天然降水量165.6 mm,境内山脉融雪形成大小河流570多条,多年平均河川年径流总量为832亿m~3。新疆地表水年径流量比较稳定,年际变化不大,但年内分布不均匀(春水占8%～20%、夏水占50%～80%、秋水 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the hinterland of Asia and Europe, located in the northwestern border of the motherland. Xinjiang is generally a typical arid climate under the influence of comprehensive geographical factors that are far away from the sea and mountains. Xinjiang is characterized by a small average rainfall in Xinjiang, no precipitation runoff in the vast plains, and a large area of ​​desert no-flow areas in the central part of the basin. The annual average precipitation in Xinjiang is 165.6 mm. There are more than 570 rivers and streams melting in the mountains, and the annual average annual runoff of rivers is 83.2 billion m ~ 3. Surface water runoff in Xinjiang is relatively stable, with little change in the interannual, but unevenly distributed throughout the year (spring water accounts for 8% to 20%, summer water accounts for 50% to 80%, autumn water