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为了提高大豆、谷子的耐盐力,从而提高单位面积产量,扩大种植面积,并寻求大豆、谷子耐盐的生理机制,我们进行了种子播前的药剂处理锻炼。研究了幼苗的生长状况,及成株的生理动态。我们试验结果可以总结如下:1.本试验用的材料为安达及肇东农民种植的满仓金大豆及刀把齐谷子。用不同浓度的CaCl_2; NaCl; NaHCO_3, Na_2SO_4及轻重碱土水处理种子进行了研究。根据我们试验结果看出,药剂和浓度必须配合适当,才能提高耐盐力。说明大豆及谷子对药剂及浓度具有一定的特异性及选择性。2.在种子萌发及苗期试验的基础上,选出较适合的药剂种类和浓度,作为大面积播种及大田生产的依据,不仅是必要而且是有效的。苗期的生理反应,植株后期的代谢变化,以及最终种子产量的增长都是相关的。提高作物前期的耐盐力,是决定提高成活率和产量的关键问题。3.盐溶液处理种子。植株的生理动态表现出:光合强度相对增高;呼吸强度相平或降低;叶绿素含量有所提高;H_2O_2酶的活性高低不等;大豆含油量亦有所提高。这些生理的变化,是适应了高盐渍化土壤的代谢方式。这些变化已能证明,进行种子药剂处理的有效作用。4.种子产量的提高,是耐盐力集中表现的综合结果。根据我们研究结果,大豆处理中,用1%CaCl_2、3%NaCl、轻碱土水等均表现增强耐盐力,并提高产量在10%以上。而1%NaHCO_3及重碱土水亦提高产量在5%左右。在谷子处理中:用1%,1.5%,2%CaCl_2;7 %NaCl; 4%NaHCO_3;表现增产在10%以上。就大豆含油量而言:用1%CaCl_2; 3%NaCl;1%NaHCO_3及重碱土水的处理,均高于对照1—3%左右,比非盐碱区对照提高2—4%左右。从物候调查记载,植株生态生长的表现和生理变化及产量的变化,是相关的。从我们试验结果,并综合前人结论。可以初步肯定播前以药剂处理种子,是提高作物耐盐力,并提高单位面积产量的有效途径。
In order to improve the salt tolerance of soybean and millet, increase the yield per unit area, expand the planting area, and seek the physiological mechanism of salt tolerance of soybean and millet, we conducted the agent treatment before seed sowing. The growth of seedlings and the physiological dynamics of adult plants were studied. The results of our experiments can be summarized as follows: 1. The materials used in this experiment were full-fledged soybeans and knives Qiamiko planted by farmers in Anda and Zhaodong. Seeds were treated with different concentrations of CaCl 2, NaCl, NaHCO 3, Na 2 SO 4 and light, heavy and alkaline earth water. According to the results of our experiments, it can be seen that the agent and concentration must be properly matched to increase salt tolerance. Explain that soybean and millet have certain specificity and selectivity to medicament and concentration. On the basis of seed germination and seedling stage test, it is not only necessary but also effective to choose more suitable agent types and concentrations as the basis for large-area sowing and field production. Physiological responses at the seedling stage, metabolic changes at the late plant stage, and increases in the final seed yield are all related. Increasing salt tolerance in the early crop is a key issue in determining survival and yield. Salt treatment of seeds. Physiological dynamics of the plants showed that: the photosynthetic intensity was relatively higher; the respiration intensity was flat or lower; the chlorophyll content was increased; the activity of H_2O_2 enzyme varied; the oil content of soybean also increased. These physiological changes are adapted to the high salinization of soil metabolism. These changes have proven to be effective for seed treatment. 4. The increase of seed yield is a comprehensive result of salt tolerance concentration performance. According to our results, in the treatment of soybean, 1% CaCl 2, 3% NaCl, light alkaline earth water, etc. all showed enhanced salt tolerance and increased yield of more than 10%. The 1% NaHCO_3 and heavy alkali soil water also increased the yield of about 5%. In millet treatment: 1%, 1.5%, 2% CaCl 2; 7% NaCl; 4% NaHCO 3; yield increase above 10%. For the soybean oil content, the treatments with 1% CaCl 2, 3% NaCl, 1% NaHCO 3 and heavy alkaline earth water were both 1-3% higher than the control and 2-4% higher than the non-saline-alkali control. From the phenology survey records, the performance of plant ecological growth and physiological changes and changes in yield are related. From our test results, and combined with previous conclusions. It can be preliminarily confirmed that seeds are treated with pesticides before sowing, which is an effective way to increase salt tolerance of crops and increase yield per unit area.