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美国反垄断法判断忠实折扣竞争效果没有统一标准,有的法院将其类推为排他性交易,有的法院将其类推为掠夺性定价。排他性交易与掠夺性定价的适用规则各有自身缺陷。排他性交易可能产生积极错误,将具有效率行为认定为非法,同时该标准不具有规则的确定性和预期性。掠夺性定价可能产生消极错误,开脱某些非法竞争行为。无论将忠实折扣类推为排他性交易还是掠夺性定价,均无法避免上述弊端。根据类推的基准行为和目标行为应具有的结构类似性以及两种缺陷的大小,以类推适用掠夺性定价的规则较为适宜。
The United States antitrust law to judge the effectiveness of loyalty discount competition there is no uniform standard, some courts will be analogy for exclusive transactions, and some courts will be analogized predatory pricing. The applicable rules for exclusive transaction and predatory pricing each have their own flaws. An exclusivity transaction can create a positive error, invalidate an act of efficiency, and does not have the certainty and expectation of a rule. Predatory pricing may create negative errors and excuse some of the illegal competition. Regardless of the loyalty discounts classified as exclusive transactions or predatory pricing, can not avoid these shortcomings. According to the similar analogy of the benchmarking behavior and the target behavior and the size of the two defects, it is more appropriate to apply the predatory pricing rules by analogy.