PGC-1α plays an important role in the mitochondrial biogenesis and inducing skeletal muscles adaptation mechanism in some exercise such as the transformation of muscle fiber types.However, due to the different factors such as animal model and experimental conditions, the research findings concerning the relationship between the degree of the expression of PGC-1α and endurance exercise were inconsistent.The purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory role of PGC-1α in rats endurance exercise and its relationship with upstream signals, then to further clarify the molecular mechanism of PGC-1α in different skeletal muscles during their movement.Method: Eighteen male C57BL/6 mice were divided into sedentary control group, 1 h after exercise group and exhaustive exercise group according to their weight and endurance, then, their endurance was tested at 15 m/min after preconditioning until their exhaustion.Correlation coefficient between them was analyzed through Western Blotting testing the expression change of PGC-1 α and P-AMPKα in Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris.Result: Compared to the expression of PGC-1α and P-AMPKα in the absolute control, the expression in the Gastrocnemius in l h after exercise group increased significantly, but that of exhaustive exercise group decreased rapidly, which was notably correlated.The expression in Soleus is gradually increasing, and maintains at a higher level, which was notably correlated.Expression in Plantaris was a significant negative correlation.Conclusion: As upstream signals of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle, the increase of P-AMPKα can contribute to the mobilization of muscle fibers and the promotion of endurance, so it can be considered that exogenous regulation of P-AMPKα in Gastrocnemius and Soleus can activate PGC-1α to improve relevant functions.