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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of exogenous neurotrophic tyrosine kinase type 1(NTRK1)receptor gene transfection on the differentiation of C17.2 neural stem cells(NSCs).The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)/NTRK1 was transfected into C17.2 NSCs using a lipofectamin system.NTRK1 expression in C17.2 cells was assayed by western blot;pseudotransfected and transfected C17.2 NSCs were treated with nerve growth factor(NGF,100 ng/ml)or medium only.Expression of the cholinergic cell marker choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)was detected by florescent immunocytochemistry(ICC).Western blotting confirmed that the NTRK1 gene was overexpressed in NSCs after pcDNA3.1(+)/NTRK1 transfection.ICC analysis showed that NTRK1 transfection increased the ratio of ChAT immunopositive cells present following NGF exposure(100 ng/ml,7 d);26%of transfected cells were ChAT immunopositive,whereas only 9%of pseudo-transfected cells were ChAT immunopositive(P<0.01).No ChAT immunopositive cells were detected among pseudo-transfected or transfected NSCs that were not exposed to NGF.These results suggest that,under the influence of NGF,NTRK1 overexpression increases differentiation of NSCs into cholinergic neurons.