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作为世界海洋强国,美国海洋管理体制经历了漫长的演变发展过程,其呈现出的主要特点是:采用联邦与地方分权形式,实行海上统一执法,由分散管理逐步趋向综合管理。当前,美国设有高层次海洋事务统筹协调机构、海洋综合管理部门、涉海行业管理部门和海上统一执法部门,统分结合,职责明确。我国可以借鉴美国的经验做法,进一步完善海洋统筹协调体制,强化海洋行政主管部门职能,并加大海警队伍整合力度。
As a world maritime powerhouse, the United States marine management system has undergone a long process of evolution and development. Its main features are as follows: adopting the form of federal and decentralization, implementing uniform maritime law enforcement and gradually diversifying from integrated management to decentralized management. At present, the United States has established a co-ordinating body of high-level ocean affairs coordinators, integrated maritime administrations, maritime trade administrations and a unified law enforcement agency at sea. Our country can draw lessons from the experience of the United States, further improve the system for coordinating and coordinating the overall marine management, strengthen the functions of the marine administrative department, and intensify the integration of the marine police forces.