肿瘤研究一直是人们关注的焦点,投入了大量人力物力,取得了重要成果,特别是分子生物学技术为揭示肿瘤的病因和病理提供了契机。目前认为肿瘤源于细胞中某些基因发生改变,引起细胞突变而异常增殖。一般来讲,单一基因的变化尚不足以形成肿瘤,肿瘤的发生是包含多种基因改变的多步骤过程,这些改变常按一定顺序发生。基于肿瘤发生的分子机理以及 Tumor research has always been the focus of attention. It has invested a lot of manpower and material resources and has achieved important results. In particular, molecular biology technology provides an opportunity to reveal the etiology and pathology of tumors. At present, it is believed that tumors are caused by changes in certain genes in cells, causing mutations in cells and abnormal proliferation. In general, changes in a single gene are not enough to form tumors. The occurrence of tumors is a multi-step process that involves multiple genetic changes. These changes often occur in a certain order. Based on the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and