6W语境情感

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  记叙文,它记人叙事,具有故事性强,有情节,内容多样;在叙事的同时、可更多表达人物内心活动及情感世界等。因其具备一定的故事情节和深刻的教育意义而能体现出高考考查学生的语篇理解能力和英语基本知识的运用能力。所以,近年来的全国各地高考试卷中完形填空的文章体裁几乎都是记叙文文体。(江苏也不例外)。
  我们都知道,记叙文的写作有着六大要素,一般称之为6W,即who(人),what(事), when(时间), where(地点), why(原因),how(如何)。记叙文则以这6W展开记人叙事的。那么我们则完全可以利用这些要素来作为完形填空解题的突破口。
  1. 重视短文首句中的4W
  首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。记叙文的文章的首句会交代4个W(who,what,when,where),即首先要交代文章中人物(主人公),所发生的事件,发生的时间,地点。而这些要素,对我们确定该短文通篇中动词所要用的时态等等提供有力的证据。
  【例1】(2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)
  【文章大意】本文讲述了作者在医院所听到一位八十多岁的老人看病时的故事。这位老人他的妻子得了一种怪病,什么也记不得了,可是老人每天早晨都要准时去疗养院陪她吃早饭。作者很为感动,悟出了“The true love is acceptance of all that is.”
  It was a busy morning,about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment(约会) at 9:30.
  The nurse had him take a 1 in the waiting area, 2 him it would be at least 40 minutes 3 someone would be able to see him…
  1. A. breathB. test
  C. seatD. break
  2. A. persuadingB. promising
  C. understandingD. telling
  3. A. ifB. before
  C. sinceD. after
  【简析】从短文的首句中的was 和8:30及hospital,可知事情发生的时间是早上的,地点一家医院,而人物则是一位80多岁的老人。从下文内容可知这位老人来到医院的目的是看病,并且他赶时间,因为他在9:30有一个约会。
  1. C护士领着他来到候诊区waitng area就座(因为是waiting area.只能是就座)
  2. D告诉他至少要等40分钟(分词短语作伴随状语),才会有医生来为他看病
  3. B句型:It will /would+一段时间+before+从句,由此引出了下文:
  【例2】(2010江苏卷)
  【文章大意】本文讲述了一个继母对一个被视为坏孩子的作者的正面肯定和关爱,从而激发了孩子心中对成功的渴望。继母的信任、关爱和帮助,终于使作者成功了。
  Another persons enthusiasm was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved. That person was my stepmother.
  I was nine years old when she enterd our home in rural Virginia. My father 1 me to her with these words: “I would like you to meet the fellow who is 2 for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no 3 than tomorrow morning.”
  1. A. rushedB. sent
  C. carriedD. introduced
  2. A. distinguishedB. favored
  C. mistakenD. rewarded
  3. A. soonerB. later
  C. longerD. earlier
  【简析】 文章的第一小段为引子,以唤起读者注意,并导出全文。第二小段的首句,交待了人物I,时间nine years old,地点our home。
  1. D因为继母首次来到,是父亲的介绍(introduced)。
  2. AI 因being the worst boy in this county而著名。
  3. B因此父亲预测“不迟于tomorrow morning.”I会start throwing rocks at you。
  2. 注重承载细节的语境
  考查语境是多年来高考英语完形填空题的最大特点。
  语言是在一定的语言环境中交流的。那么特定的语言环境对于语言的交流有着极大的影响。在记叙文中,故事所发生的why 和how,人物之间对话和冲突,也都是在特定的语境中发生的。因此,语境,是我们准确做题所必须要正视的细节。要注意空格前后的细节内容;全文的主旨大意;作者的写作背景、写作思路及意图。从整体上把握文章内容,弄清文章的结构和文章的内在的逻辑关系。注意前后信息的暗示、呼应与一致,同时要认真比较所给选项,从中选出最符合语境的答案。   【例1】(2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)
  I saw him 1 his watch and decided,since I was 2 busy—my patient didnt 3 at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound.While taking care of his wound,I asked him if he had another doctors appointment. The gentleman said no and told me that he 4 to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his 5. He told me that she had been 6 for a while and that she had a special disease. I asked if she would be 7 if he was a bit late. He replied that she 8 knew who he was,that she had not been able to 9 him for five years now. I was 10, and asked him,“And you 11 go every morning,even though she doesnt know who you are?”
  He smiled and said.“She doesnt know me but I know who she is.” I had to hold back 12 as he left.
  1. A. taking offB. fixing
  C. looking atD. winding
  2. A. veryB. also
  C. seldomD. not
  3. A. turn upB. show off
  C. come onD. go away
  4. A. neededB. forgot
  C. agreedD. happened
  5. A. daughterB. wife
  C. motherD. sister
  6. A. lateB. well
  C. aroundD. there
  7. A. lonelyB. worried
  C. doubtfulD. hungry
  8. A. so farB. neither
  C. no longerD. already
  9. A. recognizeB. answer
  C. believeD. expect
  10. A. movedB. disappointed
  C. surprisedD. satisfied
  11. A. onlyB. then
  C. thusD. still
  12. A. curiosityB. tears
  C. wordsD. judgment
  【简析】这一部分为细节描写。
  1. C通过老人看手表算时间,与上文“I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for all appointment(约会)at 9:30 所呼应。表明老人怕误了事。
  2. D从my patient didnt turn up at the appointed hour,说明我不是很忙。
  3. A因为我的预约病人没来,我就帮老人看病。turn up “露面、出现”。show off“炫耀”;come on“加油”;come on“走开”。只有A 选项符合题意。
  4. A老人认为是他必需天天都去疗养院陪伴……;(sb.)need to do sth. (某人)有必要做某事。
  5. B由最后一段中的“marriages”,可知文章中所叙有个约会是每天约会妻子。
  6. Dthere指上文的“the nursing house”.。
  7. B因为与妻子相约一起吃早饭,所以作者问去迟了她会不会着急。
  8. C从上文 “she had a special disease得出老人的妻子得了a special disease而不认不出他了。
  9. A从下文“She doesnt know me but I know who she is.”可知因该选用 recognise(辨认)。
  10. C从后面的问语可知,虽然老人的妻子已经无法认出他,而他每天都去看她,所以作者很惊讶。
  11. D选用still “仍然”一词表明作者大为惊讶。
  12. B老人的故事和最后一句话让作者深深感动。作者努力 hold back tears“(抑制住泪水”)。   【例2】(2010江苏卷)
  My stepmother walked over to me, 1 my head slightly upward,and looked me right in the eye. Then she looked at my father and replied, “You are 2. This is not the worst boy at all, 3 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet(释放的途径)for his enthusiasm.”
  That statement began a(n) 4 between us. No one had ever called me smart, My family and neighbors had built me up in my 5 as a bad boy. My stepmother changed all that.
  She changed many things. She 6 my father to go to a dental school, from which he graduated with honors. She moved our family into the county srat, where my fathers career could be more 7 and my brother and I could be better 8.
  When I turned fourteen,she bought me a secondhand 9 and told me that she believed that I could become a writer. I knew her ernthusiasm. I 10 it had alreadly improved our lives. I accepted her 11 and began to write for local newspapers. I was doing the same kind of 12 that great day I went to interview Andrew Carnegie and received the task which became my lifes work later. I wasnt the 13 beneficiary(受益者). My father became the 14 man in town. My brother and stepbrthers became a physician, a dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.
  1. A. draggedB. shook
  C. raisedD. bent
  2. A. perfectB. right
  C. wrongD. impolite
  3. A. butB. so
  C. andD. or
  4. A. ageementB. friendship
  C. gapD. relationship
  5. A. opinionB. image
  C. espectationD. mind
  6. A. beggedB. persuaded
  C. orderedD. invited
  7. A. successfulB. meaningful
  C. helpfulD. useful
  8. A. trearedB. entertained
  C. educatedD. respected
  9. A. cemeraB. radio
  C. bicycleD. typewriter
  10. A. consideredB. suspected
  C. ignoredD. appreciated
  11. A. beliefB. request
  C. criticismD. description
  12. A. teahingB. writing
  C. studyingD. reading
  13. A. nextB. same
  C. onlyD. real
  14. A. cleverestB. wealthiest
  C. strongestD. bealthiest
  【简析】
  1. C“微微地抬了一下我的头”,一种亲热的表现。因为宾语是head,所以其它选项均不可用。
  2. Cstepmother的此番话语,为下文做了铺垫。   3. Anot…but,不是…而是…。
  4. B这句话开始了我们之间的友谊,在西方,父母与子女间关系为用平等的友谊关系.
  5. D在我心里中我一直被认为是一个坏孩子。而后面的My stepmother changed all that.为下文做了铺垫,暗示一切都将变化。
  6. B继母把我父亲说服了去上一个牙科学校。 persuade含有“成功的做了某事”之意。
  7. A句子的主语是my fathers career,和下一个空格前的better,可以意识到sucessful,“在那儿我父亲的事业将更加成功”。
  8. C作为孩子,受教育为重。“而在那,我们弟兄们可以得到更好的教育”。
  9. D从下文的writr可知“给我买了二手的打字机,让我开始写作”。
  10. D“我非常感激她已经改变了我人生的热心”。
  11. A我接受了她的信念。accept 含有主观上乐于接受之意。
  12. B上下文的呼应。我从事的写作,因此用writing。
  13. C从下文的表述可知,我不是唯一的受益者。
  14. B我爸爸成了我们镇上最富裕的人。
  3. 注意作者抒发强烈的情感
  记叙文除了记人叙事外,还通过其叙述的故事内容,流露出作者的强烈的思想感情和表达出较强的教育意义,文章的结尾部分通常是作者抒发情感的地方。这些情感或从字里行间读出,或让读者阅后回味。领悟作者情感,受其感染,是文章的魅力所在。正如人们常言道:品味人生。
  【例1】
  Now I 1 that in marriages, true love is 2 of all that, The happiest people dont 3 have the best of everything; they just 4 the best of everything they have. 5 isnt about how to live through the storm, but how to dance in the rain.
  1. A. realizeB. suggest
  C. hopeD. prove
  2. A. agreementB. expression
  C. acceptanceD. exhibition
  3. A. necessarilyB. completely
  C. naturallyD. frequently
  4. A. learnB. make
  C. favorD. try
  5. A. AdventureB. Beauty
  C. TrustD. Life
  【点拨】
  51.  A用realize 一词表明作者已经主观意识到此。
  52.  C这句话是全文精华所在,坐着的真实情感的流露。真爱就是对于所有一切的接受。本题点明了文章的主旨,老人不管妻子患病与否都始终不离不弃,所以是接受了一切,无论好坏。
  53.  A根据句子结构,此处需要填入副词necessarily。最幸福的人并不一定是一个拥有所有最好东西的人。
  54.  B短语 make the best of 意为“充分利用”,他们充分利用了他们所拥有的东西。
  55.  D该句是对全文的概括,揭示一个人生哲理:生活并不是要经历暴风雨,而是要会苦中作乐。
  【例2】
  What power 1 has! When that power is released to support the certainty of ones purpose and is 2 strengthened by faith, it becomes an irresistible(不可抗拒的)force which poverty and temporary defeat can never 3.
  You can communicate that power to anyone who needs it. This is probably the greatest work you can do with your enthusiasm.
  1. A. ebthusiasmB. sympathy
  C. fortuneD. confidence
  2. A. deliberatelyB. happily
  C. traditionallyD. constantly
  3. A. winB. match
  C. reachD. doubt
  【点拨】
  1.  A感叹句。作者抒发出“热情有着多强大的力量呀!”的感叹。
  2.  D“……这种力量是不断地得到了信任所加强。”不断得到增强。
  3.  B作者的感叹,真实情感的流露。“这种力量是贫穷和暂时的挫折所不能相比的”。
  高考真题大练兵(2009全国卷Ⅱ)
  完形填空(共20小题;每小题1. 5分,满分30分)
  阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
  One of my fathers favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldnt say I didnt like 1, whatever it might be, 2 I tried it. Over the years Ive come to 3 how much of my success I owe to my 4 of those words as one of my values. My 5 job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I 6 what I want to do as a career(职业). 7 I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didnt think the job I took 8 that much. I couldnt have been more 9. I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity(机会)to 10 through the company into different 11. I accepted each new opportunity with the 12,” Well, Ill try it; if I dont like it I can always go back to my 13 position. ” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years, and Ive 14 every career change Ive made. Ive discovered I 15 a large number of different talents(才能)and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being 16 trying new opportunities. Ive also discovered that if I 17 what Im doing and work hard at achieving my 18. I will succeed. Thats why Im so 19 to be a part of CareerFables. com. I think 20 has come and I am determined to make it a success.   1. A. everythingB. something
  C. everybodyD. somebody
  2. A. until afterB. ever since
  C. so thatD. long before
  3. A. considerB. argue
  C. includeD. realize
  4. A. suggestionB. explanation
  C. acceptanceD. discussion
  5. A. hardB. best
  C. extraD. first
  6. A. determinedB. examined
  C. experiencedD. introduced
  7. A. ActuallyB. Gradually
  C. FinallyD. Usually
  8. A. helpedB. required
  C. expressedD. mattered
  9. A. carefulB. mistaken
  C. interestedD. prepared
  10. A. look upB. take up
  C. move upD. put up
  11. A. situationsB. choices
  C. directionsD. positions
  12. A. thoughtB. reply
  C. actionD. advice
  13. A. easierB. newer
  C. earlierD. higher
  14. A. permittedB. counted
  C. organizedD. enjoyed
  15. A. showB. possess
  C. needD. gather
  16. A. lucky forB. slow at
  C. open toD. afraid of
  17. A. think ofB. give away
  C. believe inD. turn into
  18. A. businessB. goal
  C. fortuneD. growth
  19. A. excitedB. curious
  C. surprisedD. helpful
  20. A. dreamB. time
  C. powerD. honor
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