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目的分析影响甘肃省会宁县国家免疫规划疫苗接种率的主要因素,探索提高适龄儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率的方法。方法采用WHO推荐的按容量比例概率抽样方法(PPS抽样法),2013—2015年对780名适龄儿童进行了国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况的入户调查。结果 2013—2015年会宁县780名适龄儿童建证率91.75%,建卡率89.84%,卡、证相符751人,相符率96.28%;2013年基础免疫八苗全程接种率96.64%、接种合格率86.00%,2014年接种率99.17%、接种合格率89.30%,2015年接种率99.94%、接种合格率92.22%;乙脑疫苗第1剂接种率各年份间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=27.686,P<0.05);A+C群流脑疫苗第1剂接种率差异各年份间有统计学意义(χ~2=17.503,P<0.05);甲肝疫苗接种率各年份间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.130,P<0.05);A群流脑疫苗第2剂接种率各年份间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=54.154,P<0.05);脊髓灰质炎疫苗第4剂接种率2013年77.64%、2014年84.43%、2015年87.04%,各年份间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.533,P<0.05);无细胞“百白破”疫苗第4剂接种率2013年65.29%、2014年84.58%、2015年86.02%,各年份间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.662,P<0.05);“麻腮风”疫苗接种率2013年56.78%、2014年78.63%、2015年80.73%,各年份间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.942,P<0.05);“麻腮风”疫苗不合格接种最多,为192剂次、占14.70%,其次是A群流脑疫苗,为186剂次、占14.24%,卡介苗最少为1剂次、占0.07%。结论全县国家免疫规划疫苗基础免疫合格接种率维持在较高水平,但仍需努力提高加强/复种免疫及扩大免疫规划新增疫苗的合格接种率;县疾病预防控制中心应着重加强对各乡(镇、社区卫生服务中心)儿童预防接种信息化建设的督导,采用现场调查与信息系统调查相结合的方式,将信息系统接种率纳入考核评价体系。
Objective To analyze the main factors influencing the vaccination rate of national immunization programs in Huining County, Gansu Province and to explore ways to increase the vaccination rate of immunization programs for school-age children. Methods According to the sampling method by PPS, which is recommended by WHO (PPS sampling method), from 2013 to 2015, 780 households of eligible children were enrolled in the national immunization program. Results In 2013-2015, the enrollment rate of 780 school-age children in Huining County was 91.75%, the rate of establishing cards was 89.84%, the number of cards matched 751, with a consistent rate of 96.28%. In 2013, 86. 00%, in 2014 the vaccination rate was 99.17%, the vaccination pass rate was 89.30%, the inoculation rate in 2015 was 99.94% and the vaccination pass rate was 92.22%. The first dose of JE vaccine was significantly different in all years (χ ~ 2 = 27.686, P <0.05). There was significant difference in the first vaccination rate of A + C group meningococcal vaccine (χ ~ 2 = 17.503, P <0.05) (Χ ~ 2 = 12.130, P <0.05). The second group vaccination rate of Group A meningitis vaccine was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 54.154, P <0.05) The inoculation rate was 77.64% in 2013, 84.43% in 2014 and 87.04% in 2015, with significant difference between years (χ ~ 2 = 9.533, P <0.05) The inoculation rate was 65.29% in 2013, 84.58% in 2014 and 86.02% in 2015, with significant differences between years (χ ~ 2 = 7.662, P <0.05); Vaccination rate of “MMR” in 2013 56.78 %, 78.63% in 2014, and 80.73% in 2015, all of the years differ There were statistically significant differences (χ ~ 2 = 17.942, P <0.05). The “MMR” vaccine was the most unqualified vaccine with 192 doses (14.70%), followed by Group A meningitis vaccine (186 doses) Times, accounting for 14.24%, BCG at least 1 dose, accounting for 0.07%. Conclusion The national immunization program vaccination coverage of eligible immunization in the county is maintained at a high level. However, efforts should still be made to increase the eligible vaccination rate of vaccination / immunization programs and new vaccines for immunization programs. The CDC should pay more attention to township (Town, community health service center) child vaccination information construction supervision, the use of field surveys and information systems to investigate a combination of ways, the information system vaccination rate into the assessment system.