西方叙事主义历史哲学以比喻类型作为区分史家的依据。以此为启发,从章学诚和戴震各自的一个早年回忆入手,可得出一个推论:章学诚的“语言—思维”习惯带有隐喻型的特点,而戴震则可以说是转喻型的。这个差异,是他们两人分歧的原始根源。这个推论既符合了以往研究的一些共识,也能为乾嘉学术研究史上一些争论提供新的思路。 Western historical philosophy of narratism uses metaphorical type as the basis for distinguishing historians. Using this as an inspiration, we can draw a corollary from Zhang’s Cheng and Dai Zhen’s early memories: Zhang Xuecheng’s “language-thinking” habit has the characteristics of metaphor, while Dai Zhen can be said to be metonymic. This difference is the original source of their differences. This inference is not only in line with some of the consensus of previous studies, but also can provide new ideas for some controversy in the history of academic research.