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在小学算术教材中,有一些简单的几何形体的初步知识。通过教学逐步发展学生的空间观念,使他们知道一些简单几何形体的特征和它们的周长、面积、体积的计算,以及最简单的绘图和测量方法,具有运用这些知识进行计算、绘图、测量的初步技能。简单几何形体的初步知识是分散在各个年级,结合数的计算来讲的。在一、二年级,结合计数和数的计算,认识长方形正方形、三角形、圆、正方体、长方体等几何形体。在三年级结合计量单位的教学,学习用尺或测绳测量线段和距离,以及长方形与正方形的长和宽。从四年级开始就系统地学习简单几何形体的初步知识。在四年级学习计算长方形、正方形的周长和面积;计算地积;初步培养实测、步测和目测的技能以及画简单图形的技能。五年级是在四年级学习的基础上,进一步学习直线和角的测量,平行四边形、三角形和多边形面积的计算,正方体和长方体的认识,以及它们的
In elementary math textbooks, there are some simple initial knowledge of geometry. Gradually developing students' space concepts through teaching so that they know some simple geometric features and their perimeter, area, volume calculation, and the most simple drawing and measurement methods, with the use of this knowledge to calculate, draw, measure Initial skills. The initial knowledge of simple geometries is scattered in all grades, combined with the number of terms in terms of calculation. In the first and second grade, combined with the count and the number of calculations, understand the rectangular square, triangle, circle, cube, cube and other geometric shapes. In third-grade instruction combined with units of measure, learn to measure lengths and distances with rulers or ropes, as well as the length and breadth of rectangles and squares. Beginning in fourth grade, systematically learn the basics of simple geometry. In the fourth grade learning to calculate the rectangle, the perimeter and area of the square; calculate plot; initial training, measurement, measurement and visual skills and drawing simple graphics skills. The fifth grade is based on the fourth grade study, to further study the measurement of lines and angles, the calculation of the area of parallelograms, triangles and polygons, the knowledge of cuboids and cuboids, and their