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目的了解陕西省新鲜水果和蔬菜中砷的污染状况及评价其对人体的潜在危害。方法 2012—2015年共采集1 270份新鲜蔬菜和363份新鲜水果并测定砷含量,分别从年份、类别和地区三方面进行统计分析,以食品添加剂专家委员会(JECFA)制定的砷暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)为标准对居民经食用果蔬所致砷的暴露量进行评估,并应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其引起的健康风险进行评价。结果近4年来果蔬中的砷平均含量范围为0.013~0.036 mg/kg;8类蔬菜的砷含量相近,6类水果中瓜果类的砷含量较高,平均值为0.052mg/kg;陕西省宝鸡、延安和商洛地区果蔬砷含量较高。整体而言,陕西居民经食用果蔬所致砷平均暴露量低于JECFA制定砷的PTWI及其所引起的平均个人年风险值亦小于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准5.0×10~(-5)a~(-1),但偏高暴露引起的健康风险不容忽视。结论陕西省部分果蔬样品存在砷污染情况,居民通过食用果蔬所致砷的暴露量在安全范围内,其所引起的健康风险有待进一步研究。
Objective To understand the status of arsenic pollution in fresh fruits and vegetables in Shaanxi Province and to evaluate its potential harm to the human body. Methods A total of 1,270 fresh vegetables and 363 fresh fruits were collected and their arsenic contents were collected from 2012 to 2015. The data were analyzed by year, category and region. The arsenic released by JECFA was tentatively weekly resistant (PTWI) as a standard to assess residents’ exposure to arsenic caused by eating fruits and vegetables, and evaluate their health risks by using the health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results The average contents of arsenic in fruits and vegetables in the past 4 years ranged from 0.013 to 0.036 mg / kg. The contents of arsenic in 8 kinds of vegetables were similar. The contents of arsenic in fruits of 6 kinds of fruits were higher with the average value of 0.052 mg / kg. Baoji, Yan’an and Shangluo high arsenic content of fruits and vegetables. Overall, the average exposure to arsenic caused by eating less fruits and vegetables in Shaanxi Province was lower than the PTWI of arsenic in JECFA and the average annual risk caused by it was less than the standard recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 5.0 × 10 ~ (- 5) a ~ (-1), but the health risks of high exposure can not be ignored. Conclusion Arsenic pollution exists in some fruits and vegetables samples in Shaanxi Province. The exposure of residents to arsenic caused by consumption of fruits and vegetables is within safe limits, and the health risks caused by them need to be further studied.