白血病占小儿癌症的半数以上,15岁前的发生率为1/2000。尽管近20年来在治疗方面有了明显的进展,但小儿白血病仍有半数左右于诊断后5年内死亡。新近已提出小儿好发白血病的一些原因及新的令人鼓舞的理论。电离辐射已知接触电离辐射会导致白血病,且胎儿与幼儿较成人更敏感。1958年 Stewarl 等提出,产前接触 X 线可增加小儿时期白血病的风险性。目 Leukemia accounts for more than half of pediatric cancer, the incidence of pre-15-year-old 1/2000. Although there have been significant advances in treatment in the past 20 years, about half of childhood leukemia still dies within 5 years after diagnosis. Some of the causes of newly diagnosed childhood leukemia and new encouraging theories have recently been proposed. Ionizing Radiation Exposure to ionizing radiation is known to cause leukemia, and fetuses and young children are more sensitive than adults. 1958 Stewarl et al proposed that antenatal exposure to X-rays may increase the risk of childhood leukemia. Head