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本文以考古材料为基础,列举、分析大量事实和案例,说明文化人类学的观念、方法、材料用于史前研究,无论在物质文化还是精神文化方面都会存在明显的问题,同时也分析了其中的原因,而最根本的原因即是:文化人类学的观念、材料,对原始人类和原始文化的认识,均是来自或建立于现当代地球上仍然残存的原始民族、土著居民生活和生存之状况,它们与古代中国、埃及、西亚、印度、印第安人文明、米诺斯文明这些人类文明的“主流”各是一回事,二者不能人为等同;文章还着重分析了中国“图腾”问题,认为图腾在中国古代文化或史前文化中难以证实,值得怀疑,同时指出文化人类学中没有“科学文化”这一项目或内容是其先天性重要缺失,故不能据此去判定和推测人类古代文明、文化之“主流”。
Based on the archeological materials, this paper enumerates and analyzes a large number of facts and cases, and illustrates the concepts, methods and materials of cultural anthropology for prehistoric research. There are obvious problems both in material culture and spiritual culture. Meanwhile, The basic reason for this is that the concepts and materials of cultural anthropology and their understanding of primitive mankind and primitive culture are derived from or originated from primitive peoples still remaining on the present and contemporary earth, and the living and survival of indigenous peoples They are the same as the “mainstream” of human civilization in ancient China, Egypt, West Asia, India, Indian civilization and Minoan civilization, and they can not be artificially equal. The article also analyzes the “totem” of China “, That totem is difficult to prove in Chinese ancient culture or prehistoric culture, it is doubtful, and pointed out that cultural anthropology is not ” scientific and cultural “this project or content is its important congenital absence, it can not go accordingly Judgment and speculation ancient human civilization, culture ”mainstream ".