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目的研究同一细胞内不同形态线粒体的数量、大小和超微结构。方法用三维重建和体视学测量的方法，研究成年大鼠肝细胞线粒体的形态类型。结果肝细胞线粒体按形态可分为５个基本类型：Ⅰ型（球形、椭球形和盘状）线粒体约占线粒体总数的２１．４％；Ⅱ型（杆状）约占３２．４％；Ⅲ型（不规则形）约占２３．８％，Ⅳ型（分支形）约占１９．６％，Ⅴ型（出芽形）仅占２．８％。Ⅰ～Ⅴ型线粒体的平均体积分别为０．１１、０．２１、０．３２、０．５１和０．６４μｍ３。体现学分析显示，各型线粒体的体积密度有差异（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），Ⅱ型线粒体体积密度最大，然后是Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅰ型，Ⅴ型线粒体体积密度最小。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ型线粒体嵴膜密度均高于Ⅲ或Ⅳ型（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论肝细胞内不同形态的线粒体都占有一定的比例，他们不仅体积差异很大，其超微结构亦有不同。
Objective To study the quantity, size and ultrastructure of different forms of mitochondria in the same cell. Methods The morphological types of mitochondria of adult rat hepatocytes were studied by three-dimensional reconstruction and stereological measurement. Results The mitochondria of hepatocytes could be divided into five basic types according to morphology: type I (spherical, ellipsoid and disc) mitochondria accounted for 21.4% of the total number of mitochondria; type Ⅱ (rod) accounted for 32.4%; Ⅲ (Irregular shape) accounted for about 23.8%, Ⅳ type (branch shape) accounted for about 19.6%, Ⅴ type (budding) accounted for only 2.8%. The average volume of type Ⅰ ~ Ⅴ mitochondria were 0.11,0.21,0.32,0.51 and 0.64μm3, respectively. According to the phenomenological analysis, the bulk density of each type of mitochondria was different (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The type II mitochondria had the highest bulk density, then the type Ⅲ, Ⅳ and type Ⅰ, while the type Ⅴ mitochondria had the lowest bulk density. The mitochondrial ridge density of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅴ were higher than that of type Ⅲ or Ⅳ (P <0.05). Conclusion Different forms of mitochondria in hepatocytes occupy a certain proportion, they not only have great volume differences, but also have different ultrastructures.