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目的:对生于我国西双版纳地区海拔550～1 550 m不同生态环境中的野生薏苡种质资源的植物学、生物学及经济学性状进行对比分析,为薏苡品质改良提供育种材料。方法:通过小区栽培对比实验,比较9份野生薏苡种质的种子发芽率、生育期及生长状况;并对出米率、薏苡仁中蛋白质、粗脂肪及乙醇浸出物含量等农艺和经济性状进行测定。结果:9份野生薏苡种子发芽率为22%～80%,生育期在139～156 d,属中晚熟类型;不同种质之间株高、叶片大小、分蘖数、分枝数、单茎结实数等具有显著差异;乙醇浸出物均在5.8%以上,大于5.5%的药典标准;脂肪在5.05%～7.14%;蛋白质在15.63%～25.74%。结论:西双版纳地区野生薏苡种质资源在植株形态特征、生物学及品质特性方面均存在较大差异,多样性丰富。
OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the botany, biology and economics of wild Coix lachryma - jobi germplasm resource in different ecological environment of 550-1 550 m in Xishuangbanna, China, and to provide the breeding materials for the improvement of Coix quality. Methods: The germination rate, growth period and growth status of 9 wild Coix seed germplasms were compared by field cultivation comparative experiment. The agronomic and economic traits such as the rice yield, the content of protein, crude fat and ethanol extract of Coix seed were compared Determination. Results: The germination rate of nine wild Coix seeds was 22% -80%, and the growth period was between 139-156 d, belonging to middle-late-maturing type. The plant height, leaf size, tiller number, branch number, Number and other significant differences; ethanol extract were more than 5.8%, more than 5.5% of the pharmacopoeia standards; fat 5.05% ~ 7.14%; protein in 15.63% ~ 25.74%. Conclusion: The wild Coix lachryma - jobi germplasm resources in Xishuangbanna region have great differences in plant morphological characteristics, biology and quality characteristics, with rich diversity.