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目的了解北京市0~6岁儿童视力、听力、肢体、智力、精神残疾的现患率及其分布特征,重点考察智力低下儿童(残疾)的现患及分布特点。方法2003-07—2004-11北京市残疾人联合会、北京市卫生局联合组织采用概率比例、二阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行现况调查,使用丹佛发育筛查测验及Gesell发育诊断量表进行智力筛查和诊断,采用SPSS10·0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果北京市0~6岁儿童智力低下现患率为9·31‰,城市为7·60‰,农村10·37‰,男童(11·24‰)高于女童(7·25‰)(χ2=12·42,P<0·01),现患率有随年龄增长而增高的趋势(趋势χ2=23·58,df=6,P<0·01),智力低下严重程度构成分别为轻度65·54%、中度20·97%、重度5·99%、极重度7·49%。结论北京市儿童智力低下的防治应以轻度类型为主,重点在农村地区;北京市需结合世界发达国家的经验,建立自己的智力低下监测、防治体系。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of sight, hearing, limb, intelligence and mental disability in children aged 0 ~ 6 years in Beijing and to investigate the prevalence and distribution of children with mental retardation (disability). Methods 2003-07-2004-11 Beijing Disabled Persons Federation, Beijing Municipal Health Bureau joint organization using probabilistic ratio, two-stage stratified cluster sampling method to investigate the status quo, using the Denver Developmental Screening Test and Gesell developmental diagnosis Table intelligence screening and diagnosis, using SPSS10.0 software for statistical analysis of the data. Results The prevalence of mental retardation among children aged 0-6 years in Beijing was 9.31%, in urban areas was 7.6%, in rural areas was 10.37%, in boys (11.24%) was higher than that in girls (7.2%) (χ2 = 12.42, P <0.01). The prevalence rate increased with age (trend χ2 = 23.58, df = 6, P <0.01). The severity of mental retardation was mild 65.54%, moderately 20.97%, severe 5.99% and very severe 7.49%. Conclusions The prevention and treatment of mental retardation in children in Beijing should be based on mild type with a focus on rural areas. Beijing needs to build up its own monitoring and prevention system of mental retardation based on the experience of developed countries in the world.