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以正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）为源，用溶胶－凝胶法经不同的制备条件能得到不同密度、不同结构特性的二氧化硅气凝胶．小角Ｘ光散射实验表明，用一步法，在酸性、中性或碱性条件下制备的气凝胶，均具有分形结构．而用两步法制备的气凝胶不具备分形特性．对样品加热氧化处理能使组成气凝胶的胶体颗粒表面光滑化，但不改变其分形结构．
With TEOS as the source, silica airgel with different density and different structural properties can be obtained by sol-gel method under different preparation conditions. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments show that the airgel prepared by one-step method under acidic, neutral or alkaline conditions has a fractal structure. The airgel prepared by the two-step method does not have the fractal characteristics. The sample is heated and oxidized to make the surface of the colloidal particles that make up the aerogels smooth without changing their fractal structure.