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以云南中部及西北部的6个滇牡丹(Paeonia delavayi)天然居群为研究对象,进行株高、新枝长等9个表型性状的表型多样性分析和ISSR分析。结果表明:9个表型性状变异幅度为0.9%~39.8%,平均值达到了18.9%;居群间生殖器官的变异较大,居群内营养器官更容易产生变异。利用居群间欧式距离进行聚类分析,6个居群聚为4个类群,没有与实际地理位置相吻合,说明表型特征的性状与地理距离的相关性不大。遗传多样性分析结果表明:利用筛选得到的10条引物,在取自6个自然居群、180个个体中,检测到56个多态位点。在居群水平上,多态位点百分率(PPB)为60.2%,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)分别为0.281和0.414。在物种水平上,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)分别为0.409和0.596。居群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)达0.319。结果显示,表型性状在居群间和居群内均存在广泛变异。滇牡丹遗传多样性水平较高,居群间遗传分化较大,滇牡丹并不濒危。
The phenotypic diversity and ISSR analysis of nine phenotypic traits, including plant height and new shoot length, were conducted in six natural populations of Paeonia delavayi in central and northwestern Yunnan. The results showed that the amplitudes of 9 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.9% to 39.8% with an average of 18.9%. The variation of reproductive organs among populations was larger, and the vegetative organs within populations were more likely to mutate. Cluster analysis based on the European distance between populations showed that the six populations clustered into four groups, which did not coincide with the actual geographical location, indicating that the correlation between the traits of phenotypic traits and geographic distance was not significant. The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that 56 polymorphic loci were detected in 180 natural individuals from 6 natural populations using 10 primers. At the population level, the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) was 60.2%, and Nei’s gene diversity index (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.281 and 0.414, respectively. At the species level, the Nei’s gene diversity index (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.409 and 0.596, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) among populations was 0.319. The results showed that phenotypic traits varied widely among populations and within populations. Dianthus peony has higher genetic diversity, larger genetic differentiation among populations, and Dian Peony is not endangered.