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基于标准k-ε两方程湍流模型和2.5 m光学望远镜的4种典型天文圆顶,通过计算流体动力学软件Fluent进行数值风洞模拟实验。研究了在不同方向的恒定风作用下,圆顶打开时望远镜周围风速、湍流动能的分布状态和对天文观测的影响,以及圆顶关闭时风场对于圆顶外壁的压力情况。结果表明,封闭性较好的经典圆顶和球形圆顶对于不同方向风的阻隔效果明显,望远镜处于低速风环境,望远镜周围湍流动能较低,但视宁度较大;开放性更好的柱式和蚌壳折叠式圆顶所保护的望远镜则更多地处于高速风环境,视场方向的湍流动能相对较高,但视宁度相对较小;圆顶关闭时,顺风方向上,4种结构表面所受风压均呈现由正高压向负高压转化,最终接近于0的发展趋势。根据分析结果提出了不同天文圆顶的适用条件和不利因素,为今后不同气候环境下光学望远镜圆顶结构的设计提供了参考。
Based on the standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model and the four typical astronomical domes with a 2.5 m optical telescope, a numerical wind tunnel simulation experiment was carried out by using computational fluid dynamics software Fluent. The effect of constant wind in different directions on the distribution of wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy around the telescope when the dome is opened, astronomical observations and the wind pressure on the outer wall of the dome when the dome is closed are investigated. The results show that the obstructions of classical directional domes and spherical domes with different orientations are obvious, the telescopes are in a low-speed wind environment, the turbulent kinetic energy of the telescope is low, Telescopes protected by the dome-shaped and clam shell domes are more likely to be exposed to high-velocity winds and the turbulent kinetic energy in the field of view is relatively high, but the apparent telescope is relatively small. When the dome is closed, in the downwind direction, The wind pressure on the surface of the structure shows the trend of transforming from positive high pressure to negative high pressure and finally approaching 0. According to the analysis results, the applicable conditions and unfavorable factors of different astronomical domes are put forward, which provide references for the design of optical telescope domes in different climatic environments in the future.