语言具有鲜明的民族性。修辞作为语言运用的一门艺术,也不例外。尽管比喻、比拟、排比、夸张等修辞手法,世界各民族都通用,但另外一些则不然,比如对偶便是中国人的“专利”。对偶富有汉民族文化的特色,这种格式如果不说是汉语所独有的,我们也得承认它在汉语里发展最为充分。汉人的生活离不了对偶句构成的对子。逢年过节、新人结婚、新建筑物落成、新店开业、乔迁之喜、要张挂对联;死了人要做挽联;佛堂、道观无不贴上对联、楹联,有时一道门的左左右右贴了两三副对联;文章、格言警句、赠语勉辞、谚语也常常使用对子,诗词歌赋更是对子的故乡和渊薮。中国古代类书,多设“对偶”一类,搜集有关对子的趣闻典故。那么对偶是怎样浸润于汉文化的温厚土壤,从而成长为一棵根深叶茂的大树的呢?下面拟就汉人哲学思想、审美心态、风俗习惯和语言特色几方面来谈谈。 对偶要求对应词、句的意义相反或相关,不能相同。传统蒙学教材《笠翁对韵》云:“天对地 雨对风 大陆对长空 山花对海树 赤日对苍穹”。某一范畴内截然相反的两端——如天与地、难与易、或由某种差异形成的各种不同角度的对立——如雨同风、赤日同苍穹,构成了上下两句意义的有机联系。这种相对立而统一的原则,正是汉民族宇宙观和方法论外化为文的表现。 Language has a distinct national character. Rhetoric as an art of language use is no exception. Despite rhetoric such as metaphor, comparison, exaggeration, and exaggeration, all ethnic groups in the world are common, while others are different. For example, duality is a Chinese “patent.” Duality is rich in the characteristics of the Han nationality culture. If this format is not unique to Chinese, we also have to admit that it has the fullest development in Chinese. Han Chinese life can not be separated by a pair of sentences. Festivals, the wedding of new couples, the completion of new buildings, the opening of new stores, the joy of moving house, to be hanging couplets; dead people to do elegiac couplets; Temple, Taoist all paste couplet, couplet, and sometimes a door left and right posted two or three Pairs couplets; articles, motto, rhetorical, gift words, proverbs are often used pair, poetry is the hometown of poetry and deep Yuan. Ancient Chinese class books, set up a “dual” category, collecting anecdotes allusions on the child. So how is the dual infiltration in the warmth of the Han culture so that it grows into a deep-rooted tree? Here intends to Han Chinese philosophy, aesthetic attitude, customs and language features to talk about several aspects. Duality requires the corresponding word, the meaning of the sentence opposite or related, can not be the same. Traditional Mongolian textbook “Weng Weng rhyme” cloud: “Heaven on the rain on the wind on the sky mountain flowers on the sea red sky on the sky.” Opposite ends in one category - such as heaven and earth, difficulty and easiness, or opposites of different angles formed by some kind of difference Meaning of organic links. This principle of opposites and reunification is just the manifestation of the externalization of the Han nationalist cosmology and methodology into the text.