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【摘要】每年高考单项填空必有一至两道考察情态动词的题目。近几年对于情态动词的考察始终不偏不怪
，创设的情景逼真，设问角度注重综合化和细微化。其中考察较多的就是"情态动词 have done"的用法。
"情态动词 have done"结构所涉及的动作都发生在过去，做这类题目要以过去为前提。下面我将按照推测
、可能性、必要性、责备、意愿、假想等几种类型来分类、用近三年的高考题做例句把"情态动词 have
done"用法做一个较系统的小结。
【关键词】推测可能性必要性责备意愿假想
每年高考单项填空必有一道考察情态动词的题目，而且这一点一直没有改变，以后的高考题对于情态动词
的考察也将不会有较明显的变化。近几年对于情态动词的考察始终不偏不怪，创设的情景逼真，设问角度
注重综合化和细微化。其中考察较多的就是"情态动词 have done"的用法。下面我将就"情态动词 have
done"用法用近三年的高考题做例句做一个较系统的小结。
"情态动词 have done"结构中的 "have done"是完成式，即该动作在过去已经做完，因此所有"情态动词
have done"的常见结构都发生在过去，都跟过去有关。我们要教给学生做这类题目要以过去为前提。另
外，"情态动词 have done"的用法要注意所创设的情景，可按照推测、可能性、必要性、责备、意愿、假
想等几种类型来分类。其常见结构及其用法如下：
1. 推测：
must have done 、can/can’’t have done、 may/might(not) have done和couldn’’t have done
1)must have done 用于肯定句，表示对过去已发生的行为进行推测，意为：一定做了某事。如:
①(2009 上海，27) It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as he
is the only one with a car。
②（2010年安徽卷32）Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years
ago, as a strong-willed man。
2)can/ can not have done通常用在否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去已发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。如：
① It took him five years to finish the work. He can not have forgotten it.
② He has a lot of work to do today. Can he have gone to his aunt’’s?(go)
3) may/might(not) have done表示对过去已发生的行为进行推测，意为：也许已经做。了某事。一般只
用于肯定句和否定句中。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。
(2011年江苏卷34）--I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway
official.
--How unbelievable to get it back！I mean, someone might have done it.
4) couldn’’t have done 用于定否定句表示推測，不可能已经做了某事。如：
I saw Mr. Wang just now. He couldn’’t have gone to Beijing.
2.可能性：
could have done / might have done
1) could have done:可表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为：本来可以/可能……。如：
①(2009 江苏，28) He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed
it differently.
②(2009安徽，34)But for their help, we could not have finished the program in time.
2) might have done 表示本来可能做某事，但实际上没有发生。如：
You might have given him more help,though you were busy.
3. 必要性:
needn’’t have done
needn’’t have done 表示过去做了本来没必要做的事。如：
You needn’’t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.
注意：didn’’t need to do 表示没必要做而实际上也没做某事。如：
I didn’’t need to clean the window. My brother did it.
4.责备:
should /ought to have done 和had better have done
1) should /ought to have done 用于肯定句，表本来应该做某事，而实际上没做；
用于否定句，则表示不该做的事反而做了。表示轻微的责备之意。如： ①(2009 重庆，32)--Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
--She should have been in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
②（2011全国，32）They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
2) had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备之意。表示当时最好做了某事。否定式则表示相
反的含义。如：
① You had better have started earlier.
② You had better not have scolded her.
5. 意愿:
would rather have done、would like to have done
1) would rather have done表示当时宁愿做某事。其否定式表相反的含义。两者都有后悔之意。如：
① I would rather have taken his advice.
② I disagreed with him at the meeting.But now I would rather not have done that.
2)表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成。如：
I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work for two more hours to
make a plan.
6.假想：
would have done
1）would have done 表示假想的過去的动作或事情。常与if引导的表示虚拟的从句连用，意为：要是。
。。就。。。 。如：
① If I had seen the advertisement I would have applied for the job.
② If she hadn’’t gone back for the letter she wouldn’’t have missed the
bus.
2）would have done 也表示过去虚拟的动作，意为：本要做某事的。如：
①（2011年福建，34）---Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
---I would have attended it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
②（2011年天津，15）15. I would have come sooner but I didn’’t know that they were waiting
for me.
，创设的情景逼真，设问角度注重综合化和细微化。其中考察较多的就是"情态动词 have done"的用法。
"情态动词 have done"结构所涉及的动作都发生在过去，做这类题目要以过去为前提。下面我将按照推测
、可能性、必要性、责备、意愿、假想等几种类型来分类、用近三年的高考题做例句把"情态动词 have
done"用法做一个较系统的小结。
【关键词】推测可能性必要性责备意愿假想
每年高考单项填空必有一道考察情态动词的题目，而且这一点一直没有改变，以后的高考题对于情态动词
的考察也将不会有较明显的变化。近几年对于情态动词的考察始终不偏不怪，创设的情景逼真，设问角度
注重综合化和细微化。其中考察较多的就是"情态动词 have done"的用法。下面我将就"情态动词 have
done"用法用近三年的高考题做例句做一个较系统的小结。
"情态动词 have done"结构中的 "have done"是完成式，即该动作在过去已经做完，因此所有"情态动词
have done"的常见结构都发生在过去，都跟过去有关。我们要教给学生做这类题目要以过去为前提。另
外，"情态动词 have done"的用法要注意所创设的情景，可按照推测、可能性、必要性、责备、意愿、假
想等几种类型来分类。其常见结构及其用法如下：
1. 推测：
must have done 、can/can’’t have done、 may/might(not) have done和couldn’’t have done
1)must have done 用于肯定句，表示对过去已发生的行为进行推测，意为：一定做了某事。如:
①(2009 上海，27) It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as he
is the only one with a car。
②（2010年安徽卷32）Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years
ago, as a strong-willed man。
2)can/ can not have done通常用在否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去已发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。如：
① It took him five years to finish the work. He can not have forgotten it.
② He has a lot of work to do today. Can he have gone to his aunt’’s?(go)
3) may/might(not) have done表示对过去已发生的行为进行推测，意为：也许已经做。了某事。一般只
用于肯定句和否定句中。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。
(2011年江苏卷34）--I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway
official.
--How unbelievable to get it back！I mean, someone might have done it.
4) couldn’’t have done 用于定否定句表示推測，不可能已经做了某事。如：
I saw Mr. Wang just now. He couldn’’t have gone to Beijing.
2.可能性：
could have done / might have done
1) could have done:可表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为：本来可以/可能……。如：
①(2009 江苏，28) He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed
it differently.
②(2009安徽，34)But for their help, we could not have finished the program in time.
2) might have done 表示本来可能做某事，但实际上没有发生。如：
You might have given him more help,though you were busy.
3. 必要性:
needn’’t have done
needn’’t have done 表示过去做了本来没必要做的事。如：
You needn’’t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.
注意：didn’’t need to do 表示没必要做而实际上也没做某事。如：
I didn’’t need to clean the window. My brother did it.
4.责备:
should /ought to have done 和had better have done
1) should /ought to have done 用于肯定句，表本来应该做某事，而实际上没做；
用于否定句，则表示不该做的事反而做了。表示轻微的责备之意。如： ①(2009 重庆，32)--Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
--She should have been in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
②（2011全国，32）They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
2) had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备之意。表示当时最好做了某事。否定式则表示相
反的含义。如：
① You had better have started earlier.
② You had better not have scolded her.
5. 意愿:
would rather have done、would like to have done
1) would rather have done表示当时宁愿做某事。其否定式表相反的含义。两者都有后悔之意。如：
① I would rather have taken his advice.
② I disagreed with him at the meeting.But now I would rather not have done that.
2)表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成。如：
I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work for two more hours to
make a plan.
6.假想：
would have done
1）would have done 表示假想的過去的动作或事情。常与if引导的表示虚拟的从句连用，意为：要是。
。。就。。。 。如：
① If I had seen the advertisement I would have applied for the job.
② If she hadn’’t gone back for the letter she wouldn’’t have missed the
bus.
2）would have done 也表示过去虚拟的动作，意为：本要做某事的。如：
①（2011年福建，34）---Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
---I would have attended it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
②（2011年天津，15）15. I would have come sooner but I didn’’t know that they were waiting
for me.