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降雨或喷灌水滴的击溅能量可使土壤表面结皮。这是干旱半干旱地区耕地存在的一个严重问题。在土壤表面施入土壤改良剂和补充一定量的电解质可防止土壤形成结皮。作者应用箱式滴水型模拟降雨器,对雨滴击溅能和水质对入渗及侵蚀的影响进行了试验研究。在所有处理中,入渗率(IR)、累积入渗量(降雨吸收量)随雨滴击溅能增加而减少,土壤侵蚀则随雨滴击溅能增加而增加。在土壤表面施入电解质(或PG或TW)之后,再施入聚丙烯酰胺,与未经化学处理的对照试验相比,稳渗率和累积入渗量都增加了7~8倍,且比单独施入PAM、PG或TW更有效。PAM+电解质处理与对照试验相比,减少侵蚀量1倍以上。
Splashing energy from rains or sprinklers can crust soil surfaces. This is a serious problem of cultivated land in arid and semi-arid areas. Applying a soil conditioner to the surface of the soil and replenishing a quantity of electrolyte prevent the soil from forming a crust. The authors applied a box-type drip-type rain simulator to study the effects of raindrop splashing energy and infiltration and erosion on water quality. In all treatments, infiltration rate (IR) and cumulative infiltration (rainfall uptake) decreased with raindrop splashing, and soil erosion increased with raindrop splashing. After applying the electrolyte (or PG or TW) to the surface of the soil, polyacrylamide was further applied, and the steady infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were increased by 7 to 8 times compared with the control without the chemical treatment, and the ratio Applying PAM, PG or TW alone is more effective. PAM + Electrolyte treatment reduces erosion by more than 1 time compared to control.