Rh血型系统是人类较为复杂和重要的血型系统。它有两个同源结构基因串联排列在1p34 .3- 36 .1,编码的 Rh蛋白为有 12个跨膜域的红细胞膜蛋白。Rh抗原有很多变异体 ;Rh D阴性个体存在 3种遗传多态性。Rh血型系统在临床输血及新生儿溶血病 (hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)中意义重大 ,可利用 PCR进行 Rh基因分型方法对胎儿进行产前诊断 ,但此方法仍有一定缺陷。需要对 Rh血型系统进行更深入的认识 ,以解决这一问题。 Rh blood group system is more complex and important human blood group system. It has two homologous structural genes arranged in tandem at 1p34.3-36.1, and the encoded Rh protein is an erythrocyte membrane protein with 12 transmembrane domains. Rh antigen has many variants; Rh D-negative individuals there are three genetic polymorphisms. The Rh blood group system is of great significance in clinical blood transfusion and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), and Rh genotyping can be used for prenatal diagnosis of fetus. However, this method still has some defects. A deeper understanding of the Rh blood group system is needed to address this issue.