近20年来,我研究20世纪中国知识分子与文化人,广为搜集、查核、考证了个案100多个实例,包括他们的个性人格、经济状况等。在这过程中发现了一个重要现象,就是清末的旧式文人,包括李鸿章、张之洞、康有为、罗振玉等,几乎无一例外地都擅长“瞒和骗”。这是当时官场的怪现状。到五四新文化运动时期,才出现了真正“揭露真相、追求真理”的一代新型知识分子 In the recent 20 years, I have studied Chinese intellectuals and cultural people in the 20th century and collected, examined and verified more than 100 cases of such cases, including their personalities, personalities and economic conditions. An important phenomenon was discovered in the process, namely, the old literati in the late Qing Dynasty, including Li Hongzhang, Zhang Zhidong, Kang Youwei and Luo Zhenyu, all of whom are good at “cheating and cheating” almost without exception. This is the current state of the bureaucratic strange situation. By the time of the May Fourth New Culture Movement, there emerged a new generation of intellectuals who truly “exposed the truth and pursued the truth.”