“Ｘ效率”理论是现代微观经济学的一个新领域，它着重研究企业内部的效率情况，并试图重新构建微观经济学。行政效率研究是公共行政学的重要领域。本文借鉴“Ｘ效率”理论的基本思路，论述政府行政部门的效率问题，将行政部门的低效率归纳为四种类型，并逐一分析产生低效率的原因，为行政效率研究提供了一个新的角度 “X Efficiency” theory is a new field of modern microeconomics, which focuses on the internal efficiency of enterprises and attempts to rebuild microeconomics. Administrative efficiency research is an important area of ​​public administration. This paper draws lessons from the basic idea of ​​“X efficiency” theory, discusses the efficiency of the government administration, summarizes the inefficiency of the administration as four types and analyzes the causes of inefficiency one by one, providing a new perspective for the study of administrative efficiency