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海德格尔主体性思想及存在论的源头在哪里?国内外学术界大致流行三种观点:一是胡塞尔源头论;二是布伦塔诺源头论;三是亚里士多德源头论。上述三种流行观点都有依据,但却忽略了一个对其影响深远的思想源头,那就是中世纪经院哲学家邓·司各特的个体性与单义性理论。最有力的文献学证据,即是1915年海德格尔本人发表的弗莱堡讲师资格论文《邓·司各特的范畴与意义理论》。在发掘司各特单义性理论的基础上,海德格尔通过将客观化的存在转化为此在,使逻辑学、形而上学与先验哲学被统摄在一个主体化与个体化的此在之中,将由衍生关系建立起来的先验存在结构转化为作为此在的先验视域与条件的时间结构,从而催生了《存在与时间》的诞生。
The source of Heidegger’s subjectivity and ontology is where? There are three kinds of popular ideas in academia at home and abroad: one is Husserl’s theory of origin; the other is Brentano’s theory of origin; the other is Aristotle’s theory of origin . The above three popular views are based on, but overlooked a source of thought far-reaching impact on it, that is, the individual and unimportant theory of the medieval scholastic philosopher Deng Scott. The most powerful documentary evidence, that is, in 1915 Heidegger himself published Freiberg lecturer dissertation “Deng Scott’s category and meaning theory.” Based on the excavation of Scott’s monosyllabic theory, Heidegger transforms the existence of objectification to such an orientation that logic, metaphysics and transcendentalism are unified in the process of being subjectified and individualized , Transforms the transcendental existential structure established by the derivative relations into the temporal structure as the transcendental horizon and condition of existence, thus giving birth to the “existence and time”.