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目的:探讨超声在产前诊断胎儿出生缺陷的临床价值及对出生缺陷率的影响。方法:按全国出生缺陷监测网要求,对武汉市第一医院2007年1月～2008年9月住院分娩的孕28周至产后7天的围生儿进行监测,同时对3 935例孕16～40周的妇女采用实时彩色多普勒超声仪进行系统检查,对胎儿畸形进行筛查和诊断。结果:2007年1月～2008年9月武汉市第一医院共分娩新生儿2 629例,出生缺陷儿11例,出生缺陷发生率为4.18‰,低于1998年～2003年出生缺陷发生率。在3 935例孕妇中,共发现先天性缺陷35例,孕28周以前检出超声诊断胎儿主要系统畸形占57.1%,孕28周至孕36周诊断超声诊断胎儿主要系统畸形占37.1%。结论:妊娠中晚期进行系统超声检查可以对胎儿形态结构方面的明显畸形进行产前诊断,可以降低出生缺陷发生率,提高严重畸形的检出率,对提高人口素质具有重要意义。
Objective: To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal birth defects and its impact on birth defects rate. Methods: According to the requirements of the National Birth Defects Monitoring Network, we monitored the perinatal infants who were born in hospital from January 2007 to September 2008 of Wuhan First Hospital from the 28th week to the 7th day after delivery, and 3,935 pregnant women with 16 ~ 40 Week of women using real-time color Doppler ultrasound system inspection, screening and diagnosis of fetal malformations. Results: From January 2007 to September 2008, 6240 neonates and 11 neonates were born in the First Hospital of Wuhan City. The incidence of birth defects was 4.18 ‰, which was lower than the incidence of birth defects between 1998 and 2003. Among 3 935 pregnant women, 35 cases of congenital defects were found. The main system malformations of fetus diagnosed by ultrasound before pregnancy were 57.1% and 28.1% of pregnant women were diagnosed by ultrasound at the age of 28 weeks to 36 weeks. Conclusions: Systematic ultrasonography in the second trimester of pregnancy can make prenatal diagnosis of obvious deformity in fetal morphology and structure, reduce the incidence of birth defects and increase the detection rate of severe deformity, which is of great significance to improve population quality.