3D打印才是王道

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  在历史的长河里,每过一段时间,就会出现一种技术来改变我们的生活。什么会成为下一种这样的技术呢?有人认为是3D打印。在经过了最初“犹抱琵琶半遮面”的神秘阶段后,现在它正逐渐成为一种潮流,并开始广泛应用于设计领域。如果只需要轻触鼠标,你就可以得到一件立体实物,这样的未来真是让人期待呢。
  Zoe Chace: First, the “3-D printer” is the biggest misnomer[误称] ever. Do not think printer. Think magic box that creates whatever object you can imagine. Just imagine for a second, everything you would want custom made[定做的], super cheap. And this has already happening. You fly in planes from Boeing and others with parts in them that have been 3-D printed. Right now there are 30,000 people walking around with 3-D printed titanium[钛] hips[臀部] inside, way[远远地] less expensive than they used to be.
  Terry Wohlers: And they’re just getting started. The possibilities in orthopedic[整形外科的] manufacturing really is almost limitless[无限的].
  Chace: In the future, analyst Terry Wohlers says forget about titanium or even cotton. Try human tissue[组织].
  Wohlers: You lose a finger, you print out a new one. Chace: Yeah, like, actual body parts, printing out new fingers using your cells.
  Wohlers: Bones and bladders[膀胱] and eventually kidneys[肾] and so forth.
  佐伊·切斯:首先,“3D打印机”这个名称就是有史以来最不恰当的一个用词。不要把它想成一部打印机,要把它想成一个能创造出任何你能想象出来的物品的魔法盒子。只要想象一下,任何你想要定制的东西都将变得唾手可得。而且这样的事情已经发生了。你乘坐的波音飞机或者其他什么的,已经采用了以3D打印技术制造出来的零部件。如今已有三万人借着3D打印出来的钛金属假肢到处走动了,价格远比过去便宜。
  特里·沃勒斯:这些不过才是开始,它将给整形外科产业带来无限的可能。
  切斯:将来,或许会如分析家特里·沃勒斯所言,别再想着用钛金属甚至棉花,试试用人体组织。
  沃勒斯:你没了一根手指,你就打印出一根新的。
  切斯:对,就像真实的身体部位那样,用我们自己的细胞打印出新的手指。
  沃勒斯:骨头、膀胱,甚至是肾脏等等。
  Chace: There’s another thing to keep in mind though, about the arrival of 3-D printing. If the industrial revolutions that we know centralized things gave birth to enormous[庞大的,巨大的] companies that make a massive[大规模的] amount of things, 3-D printing kind of reverses[反转] that process.
  Chris Anderson: What’s new is the fact that the most advanced, you know, machines are now as accessible[容易取得的] to regular people as they are to the biggest companies.
  Chace: Chris Anderson is not strictly a regular guy. He’s the former editor of Wired Magazine注1, now the CEO of a robotics[机器人技术] company. He says the 3-D printer democratizes[使民主化] who gets to be in manufacturing. Anybody with a good idea can have a pretty good prototype[原型] really cheaply, and then bring that product to the masses.
  Anderson: Taking a product from one to many; taking a product through its entire cycle from invention to creation and marketing and building a company around it, that just wasn’t possible in most of the 20th century because manufacturing was just so hard and inaccessible[达不到的].   Chace: So if you want to go into business manufacturing stuff, there’s a much lower barrier[栅栏,屏障] to entry. Soon enough, Anderson says, you might see 3-D printers showing up at Wal-Mart or Barnes & Noble注2, on desktops, in the office, whatever. That doesn’t mean everybody will do it, but the fact that it is now so easy to be the boss of your own factory; that is a pretty revolutionary[革命性的] idea.
  Anderson: You know, Karl Marx’s line that, you know, the power belongs to those who own the means of production, and regular people didn’t own the means of production.
  Chace: And isn’t it funny how it’s working out? It’s capitalism[资本主义] that’s taken the means of pro- duction and turned it into a point-and-click[点击鼠标] experience for anyone.


  切斯:不过还有一件事是必须谨记的,那就是关于3D打印技术的到来。如果说我们所知的工业革命是集中资源来造就具有大规模生产力的巨大公司的话,那么3D打印技术则有点儿逆转此进程。
  克里斯·安德森:最叫人感到新鲜的是如今普通人也能像大公司那样轻易获得最先进的机器了。
  切斯:从严格意义上来说,克里斯·安德森不算是普通人。他以前是《连线》杂志的编辑,现在是一家机器人技术公司的总裁。他说3D打印机将带来制造业的民主化。任何有好点子的人都能以真正低廉的成本做出一个非常好的样板,然后再使它成为大众产品。
  安德森:将一个产品从单个变成许多个;使一个产品完成整个生产循环:从发明到创造,再到营销,再到建立公司,这在二十世纪的大多数时候是不太可能实现的,因为那时工业生产是如此困难而不易做到。
  切斯:所以如果你想要进入制造行业的话,门槛就会低很多了。安德森说,很快,大家或许就能看到3D打印机出现在沃尔玛超市或巴诺书店,在桌面上、办公室之类的地方。那并不意味着所有人都会去使用它,但现在要成为个人工厂的老板就如此容易了;那是一个非常革命性的想法。
  安德森:你知道的,卡尔·马克思说过,权力属于那些拥有生产工具的人,而普通人以前没有生产工具。
  切斯:所以这事最后看来不是很好笑吗?正是占有了生产工具的资本主义,到头来把生产变成了对每个人来说只要轻点鼠标就能实现的体验。
  注1:《连线》杂志,是一份从1993年3月开始在全美发行的彩色月刊杂志,并同时拥有在线版本。该杂志着重于报道科技对文化、经济和政治的影响。
  注2:巴诺书店,美国最大的零售连锁书店,旗下大部分书店都销售杂志、报纸、漫画、DVD、礼品、电子游戏和音乐,其吉祥物是一只名叫Barnsie的泰迪熊。
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