目的分析陕西省2005-2014年疟疾疫情,为完善消除疟疾策略和措施提供依据。方法收集整理2005-2014年陕西省疟疾防治资料和疫情报告数据,对疫情情况、地区分布、感染疟原虫虫种的构成、病例诊断类型,以及输入性病例的感染来源等进行分析。结果2005-2014年,陕西省共报告疟疾病例453例,其中,本地感染病例73例(占16.1%),输入病例380例(占83.9%);其中恶性疟占37.1%(141/380)。死亡3例,均为输入性恶性疟。2011年起无本地感染病例报告。病例以实验室诊断为主(占71.5%,324/453);恶性疟占全部报告病例的31.1%(141/453),且均为输入性病例,无三日疟和卵形疟报告。报告的73例本地感染病例,分布在7个地(市)25个区(县),其中陕南3市(商洛、汉中、安康)占61.6%(45/73),关中4市(西安、渭南、咸阳、宝鸡)占38.4%(28/73)。输入性病例呈逐年上升,从2005年的24例上升至2014年的59例。报告的380例输入性病例,主要来自非洲的20余个国家(占72.6%,276/380)。输入性病例数位居前4位的来源国家,分别为安哥拉(64例)、喀麦隆(26例),加纳(24例),赤道几内亚(23例),合计病例数占总输入性病例数的36.0%(137/380)。病例从发病至确诊的间隔时间中位数为5 d。报告的病例主要来自临床医疗机构,占87.6%(397/453),疾病控制机构仅占7.5%(34/453)。结论陕西省自2011年起无本地感染的疟疾病例报告,境外输入性疟疾病例呈逐年上升,其中输入性恶性疟主要来自非洲。 Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of malaria in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2014 and provide evidences for the improvement of malaria elimination strategies and measures. Methods Data of malaria control and epidemic situation in Shaanxi Province during 2005-2014 were collected and analyzed. The epidemic situation, geographical distribution, the composition of the infected parasite species, the diagnosis type of cases, and the source of infection of imported cases were analyzed. Results A total of 453 malaria cases were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2014, of which 73 (16.1%) were locally infected and 380 (83.9%) were imported, of which 37.1% (141/380) were Plasmodium falciparum. 3 cases of death, are imported falciparum malaria. No cases of local infection since 2011. The majority of cases were laboratory diagnosed (71.5%, 324/453). Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 31.1% (141/453) of the total reported cases, both of which were imported cases and no reports of malaria and malaria were found. The reported 73 cases of local infections were located in 25 districts and counties of 7 prefectures (cities), including 61.6% (45/73) of the three cities in southern Shaanxi (Shangluo, Hanzhong and Ankang), 4 cities of Guanzhong (Xi’an, Weinan, Xianyang, Baoji) accounted for 38.4% (28/73). The number of imported cases increased year by year, from 24 in 2005 to 59 in 2014. The reported 380 cases of imported cases, mainly from more than 20 countries in Africa (72.6%, 276/380). The countries of origin with the highest number of imported cases were Angola (64), Cameroon (26), Ghana (24) and Equatorial Guinea (23), respectively. The total number of cases in the total number of imported cases 36.0% (137/380). The median time between onset and diagnosis of the disease was 5 days. The reported cases mainly came from clinical medical institutions, accounting for 87.6% (397/453) and disease control institutions only accounting for 7.5% (34/453). Conclusion There are no cases of locally-infected malaria in Shaanxi Province since 2011, and the number of imported malaria cases abroad has been increasing year by year. The imported malaria is mainly from Africa.