当前,世界炼油工业面临严峻挑战。随着石油资源的不断开采,原油逐渐变重变劣,硫、氮、金属含量增多,给石油加工造成一定的困难。然而,国民经济发展对轻质油、中间馏分油的需求量不断增加,残渣燃料油市场日益缩小。面对这种情况,如何对渣油改质或进一步转化,便成为世界各国研究和开发的主要课题。超临界流体技术由于具有节能、高效、选择性可调等特点受到国内外炼油学者的关注。近几年,用于石油加工领域的超临界流体技术发展异常迅速, At present, the world’s oil refining industry is facing severe challenges. With the continuous exploitation of petroleum resources, the crude oil becomes heavier and heavier, the content of sulfur, nitrogen and metal increase, which causes some difficulties in petroleum processing. However, the demand for light oil and middle distillate oil in the national economy has been increasing, and the residue fuel oil market has been shrinking day by day. Faced with this situation, how to reform or further transform the residue has become a major issue for research and development in various countries in the world. Supercritical fluid technology has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign oil refineries because of its energy saving, high efficiency, and adjustable selectivity. In recent years, the supercritical fluid technology used in petroleum processing has developed exceptionally rapidly.